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PIC16C62X Data Sheet
EPROM-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: * * Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable."
*
* *
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights.
Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, KEELOQ, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE and PowerSmart are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, microID, MXDEV, MXLAB, PICMASTER, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Accuron, Application Maestro, dsPIC, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, PICC, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, rfLAB, rfPIC, Select Mode, SmartSensor, SmartShunt, SmartTel and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2003, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received QS-9000 quality system certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999 and Mountain View, California in March 2002. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its PICmicro(R) 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, non-volatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001 certified.
DS30235J - page ii
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
EPROM-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers
Devices included in this data sheet:
Referred to collectively as PIC16C62X. * * * * PIC16C620 PIC16C621 PIC16C622 PIC16CR620A * * * PIC16C620A PIC16C621A PIC16C622A
Pin Diagrams
PDIP, SOIC, Windowed CERDIP
RA2/AN2/VREF RA3/AN3 RA4/T0CKI MCLR/VPP VSS RB0/INT RB1 RB2 RB3 *1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 RA1/AN1 RA0/AN0 OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT VDD RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4
PIC16C62X
High Performance RISC CPU:
* Only 35 instructions to learn * All single cycle instructions (200 ns), except for program branches which are two-cycle * Operating speed: - DC - 40 MHz clock input - DC - 100 ns instruction cycle Device PIC16C620 PIC16C620A PIC16CR620A PIC16C621 PIC16C621A PIC16C622 PIC16C622A * * * * Program Memory 512 512 512 1K 1K 2K 2K Data Memory 80 96 96 80 96 128 128
SSOP
RA2/AN2/VREF RA3/AN3 RA4/T0CKI MCLR/VPP VSS VSS RB0/INT RB1 RB2 RB3 *1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 RA1/AN1 RA0/AN0 OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT VDD VDD RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4
Special Microcontroller Features:
* Power-on Reset (POR) * Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) * Brown-out Reset * Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation * Programmable code protection * Power saving SLEEP mode * Selectable oscillator options * Serial in-circuit programming (via two pins) * Four user programmable ID locations
PIC16C62X
Interrupt capability 16 special function hardware registers 8-level deep hardware stack Direct, Indirect and Relative addressing modes
Peripheral Features:
* 13 I/O pins with individual direction control * High current sink/source for direct LED drive * Analog comparator module with: - Two analog comparators - Programmable on-chip voltage reference (VREF) module - Programmable input multiplexing from device inputs and internal voltage reference - Comparator outputs can be output signals * Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit programmable prescaler
CMOS Technology:
* Low power, high speed CMOS EPROM technology * Fully static design * Wide operating range - 2.5V to 5.5V * Commercial, industrial and extended temperature range * Low power consumption - < 2.0 mA @ 5.0V, 4.0 MHz - 15 A typical @ 3.0V, 32 kHz - < 1.0 A typical standby current @ 3.0V
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 1
PIC16C62X
Device Differences
Device PIC16C620(3) PIC16C621
(3)
Voltage Range 2.5 - 6.0 2.5 - 6.0 2.5 - 6.0 2.7 - 5.5 2.5 - 5.5 2.7 - 5.5
Oscillator See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note 1
Process Technology (Microns) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7
PIC16C622(3) PIC16C620A(4) PIC16CR620A(2) PIC16C621A
(4)
PIC16C622A(4)
2.7 - 5.5 See Note 1 0.7 Note 1: If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application. 2: For ROM parts, operation from 2.5V - 3.0V will require the PIC16LCR62X parts. 3: For OTP parts, operation from 2.5V - 3.0V will require the PIC16LC62X parts. 4: For OTP parts, operations from 2.7V - 3.0V will require the PIC16LC62XA parts.
DS30235J-page 2
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
Table of Contents
1.0 General Description .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.0 PIC16C62X Device Varieties .................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.0 Architectural Overview .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 4.0 Memory Organization ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 5.0 I/O Ports.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25 6.0 Timer0 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................ 31 7.0 Comparator Module ................................................................................................................................................................ 37 8.0 Voltage Reference Module ..................................................................................................................................................... 43 9.0 Special Features of the CPU .................................................................................................................................................. 45 10.0 Instruction Set Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 61 11.0 Development Support ............................................................................................................................................................. 75 12.0 Electrical Specifications .......................................................................................................................................................... 81 13.0 Device Characterization Information ..................................................................................................................................... 109 14.0 Packaging Information .......................................................................................................................................................... 113 Appendix A: Enhancements.............................................................................................................................................................. 119 Appendix B: Compatibility ................................................................................................................................................................. 119 Index ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 121 On-Line Support ................................................................................................................................................................................ 123 Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line ..................................................................................................................................... 123 Reader Response ............................................................................................................................................................................. 124 Product Identification System ........................................................................................................................................................... 125
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Errata
An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current devices. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revision of silicon and revision of document to which it applies. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following: * Microchip's Worldwide Web site; http://www.microchip.com * Your local Microchip sales office (see last page) * The Microchip Corporate Literature Center; U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 When contacting a sales office or the literature center, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are using.
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2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 3
PIC16C62X
NOTES:
DS30235J-page 4
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The PIC16C62X devices are 18 and 20-Pin ROM/ EPROM-based members of the versatile PICmicro(R) family of low cost, high performance, CMOS, fullystatic, 8-bit microcontrollers. All PICmicro microcontrollers employ an advanced RISC architecture. The PIC16C62X devices have enhanced core features, eight-level deep stack, and multiple internal and external interrupt sources. The separate instruction and data buses of the Harvard architecture allow a 14-bit wide instruction word with the separate 8-bit wide data. The two-stage instruction pipeline allows all instructions to execute in a single cycle, except for program branches (which require two cycles). A total of 35 instructions (reduced instruction set) are available. Additionally, a large register set gives some of the architectural innovations used to achieve a very high performance. PIC16C62X microcontrollers typically achieve a 2:1 code compression and a 4:1 speed improvement over other 8-bit microcontrollers in their class. The PIC16C620A, PIC16C621A and PIC16CR620A have 96 bytes of RAM. The PIC16C622(A) has 128 bytes of RAM. Each device has 13 I/O pins and an 8bit timer/counter with an 8-bit programmable prescaler. In addition, the PIC16C62X adds two analog comparators with a programmable on-chip voltage reference module. The comparator module is ideally suited for applications requiring a low cost analog interface (e.g., battery chargers, threshold detectors, white goods controllers, etc). PIC16C62X devices have special features to reduce external components, thus reducing system cost, enhancing system reliability and reducing power consumption. There are four oscillator options, of which the single pin RC oscillator provides a low cost solution, the LP oscillator minimizes power consumption, XT is a standard crystal, and the HS is for High Speed crystals. The SLEEP (Power-down) mode offers power savings. The user can wake-up the chip from SLEEP through several external and internal interrupts and RESET. A highly reliable Watchdog Timer with its own on-chip RC oscillator provides protection against software lock- up. A UV-erasable CERDIP-packaged version is ideal for code development while the cost effective One-TimeProgrammable (OTP) version is suitable for production in any volume. Table 1-1 shows the features of the PIC16C62X midrange microcontroller families. A simplified block diagram of the PIC16C62X is shown in Figure 3-1. The PIC16C62X series fits perfectly in applications ranging from battery chargers to low power remote sensors. The EPROM technology makes customization of application programs (detection levels, pulse generation, timers, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The small footprint packages make this microcontroller series perfect for all applications with space limitations. Low cost, low power, high performance, ease of use and I/O flexibility make the PIC16C62X very versatile.
1.1
Family and Upward Compatibility
Those users familiar with the PIC16C5X family of microcontrollers will realize that this is an enhanced version of the PIC16C5X architecture. Please refer to Appendix A for a detailed list of enhancements. Code written for the PIC16C5X can be easily ported to PIC16C62X family of devices (Appendix B). The PIC16C62X family fills the niche for users wanting to migrate up from the PIC16C5X family and not needing various peripheral features of other members of the PIC16XX mid-range microcontroller family.
1.2
Development Support
The PIC16C62X family is supported by a full-featured macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-circuit emulator, a low cost development programmer and a full-featured programmer. Third Party "C" compilers are also available.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 5
PIC16C62X
TABLE 1-1:
Clock Memory
PIC16C62X FAMILY OF DEVICES
40 512
PIC16C620(3) PIC16C620A(1)(4) PIC16CR620A(2) PIC16C621(3) PIC16C621A(1)(4) PIC16C622(3) PIC16C622A(1)(4) 20 512 20 1K 40 1K 20 2K 40 2K
Maximum Frequency 20 of Operation (MHz) EPROM Program Memory (x14 words) 512
Data Memory (bytes) 80 Peripherals Timer Module(s) Comparators(s) Internal Reference Voltage Features Interrupt Sources I/O Pins TMR0 2 Yes 4 13
96 TMR0 2 Yes 4 13 2.7-5.5 Yes 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
96 TMRO 2 Yes 4 13 2.5-5.5 Yes 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
80 TMR0 2 Yes 4 13 2.5-6.0 Yes
96 TMR0 2 Yes 4 13 2.7-5.5 Yes
128 TMR0 2 Yes 4 13 2.5-6.0 Yes 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
128 TMR0 2 Yes 4 13 2.7-5.5 Yes 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
Voltage Range (Volts) 2.5-6.0 Brown-out Reset Packages Yes 18-pin DIP, SOIC; 20-pin SSOP
18-pin DIP, 18-pin DIP, SOIC; SOIC; 20-pin SSOP 20-pin SSOP
All PICmicro(R) Family devices have Power-on Reset, selectable Watchdog Timer, selectable code protect and high I/O current capability. All PIC16C62X Family devices use serial programming with clock pin RB6 and data pin RB7. Note 1: If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application. 2: For ROM parts, operation from 2.0V - 2.5V will require the PIC16LCR62XA parts. 3: For OTP parts, operation from 2.5V - 3.0V will require the PIC16LC62X part. 4: For OTP parts, operation from 2.7V - 3.0V will require the PIC16LC62XA part.
DS30235J-page 6
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
2.0 PIC16C62X DEVICE VARIETIES
2.3
A variety of frequency ranges and packaging options are available. Depending on application and production requirements, the proper device option can be selected using the information in the PIC16C62X Product Identification System section at the end of this data sheet. When placing orders, please use this page of the data sheet to specify the correct part number.
Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP) Devices
2.1
UV Erasable Devices
The UV erasable version, offered in CERDIP package, is optimal for prototype development and pilot programs. This version can be erased and reprogrammed to any of the Oscillator modes. Microchip's PICSTART and PRO MATE programmers both support programming of the PIC16C62X. Note: Microchip does not recommend code protecting windowed devices.
Microchip offers a QTP programming service for factory production orders. This service is made available for users who chose not to program a medium to high quantity of units and whose code patterns have stabilized. The devices are identical to the OTP devices, but with all EPROM locations and configuration options already programmed by the factory. Certain code and prototype verification procedures apply before production shipments are available. Please contact your Microchip Technology sales office for more details.
2.4
Serialized Quick-TurnaroundProductionSM (SQTPSM) Devices
2.2
One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices
Microchip offers a unique programming service where a few user-defined locations in each device are programmed with different serial numbers. The serial numbers may be random, pseudo-random or sequential. Serial programming allows each device to have a unique number, which can serve as an entry-code, password or ID number.
The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for customers who need the flexibility for frequent code updates and small volume applications. In addition to the program memory, the configuration bits must also be programmed.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 7
PIC16C62X
NOTES:
DS30235J-page 8
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
The high performance of the PIC16C62X family can be attributed to a number of architectural features commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with, the PIC16C62X uses a Harvard architecture, in which, program and data are accessed from separate memories using separate busses. This improves bandwidth over traditional von Neumann architecture, where program and data are fetched from the same memory. Separating program and data memory further allows instructions to be sized differently than 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are 14-bits wide making it possible to have all single word instructions. A 14-bit wide program memory access bus fetches a 14-bit instruction in a single cycle. A two-stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of instructions. Consequently, all instructions (35) execute in a single cycle (200 ns @ 20 MHz) except for program branches. The PIC16C620(A) and PIC16CR620A address 512 x 14 on-chip program memory. The PIC16C621(A) addresses 1K x 14 program memory. The PIC16C622(A) addresses 2K x 14 program memory. All program memory is internal. The PIC16C62X can directly or indirectly address its register files or data memory. All special function registers including the program counter are mapped in the data memory. The PIC16C62X has an orthogonal (symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to carry out any operation on any register using any Addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of `special optimal situations' make programming with the PIC16C62X simple yet efficient. In addition, the learning curve is reduced significantly. The PIC16C62X devices contain an 8-bit ALU and working register. The ALU is a general purpose arithmetic unit. It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between data in the working register and any register file. The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, subtraction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's complement in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically one operand is the working register (W register). The other operand is a file register or an immediate constant. In single operand instructions, the operand is either the W register or a file register. The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU operations. It is not an addressable register. Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits operate as a Borrow and Digit Borrow out bit, respectively, bit in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF instructions for examples. A simplified block diagram is shown in Figure 3-1, with a description of the device pins in Table 3-1.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 9
PIC16C62X
FIGURE 3-1: BLOCK DIAGRAM
Program Memory 512 x 14 512 x 14 512 x 14 1K x 14 1K x 14 2K x 14 2K x 14
13 Program Counter EPROM Program Memory Program Bus 8-Level Stack (13-bit) RAM File Registers RAM Addr (1) 9 Comparator RA0/AN0 Indirect Addr
+
Device PIC16C620 PIC16C620A PIC16CR620A PIC16C621 PIC16C621A PIC16C622 PIC16C622A
Data Memory (RAM) 80 x 8 96 x 8 96 x 8 80 x 8 96 x 8 128 x 8 128 x 8
Data Bus 8 Voltage Reference
14 Instruction reg Direct Addr 7
Addr MUX 8
RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2/VREF RA3/AN3
FSR reg STATUS reg
+
TMR0 3 Power-up Timer Instruction Decode & Control Timing Generation OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT Oscillator Start-up Timer Power-on Reset Watchdog Timer Brown-out Reset PORTB ALU MUX RA4/T0CKI
W reg
I/O Ports
MCLR
VDD, VSS
Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.
DS30235J-page 10
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
TABLE 3-1:
Name OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT 15 MCLR/VPP 17 O --
PIC16C62X PINOUT DESCRIPTION
DIP/SOIC Pin # 16 SSOP Pin # 18 I/O/P Type I Buffer Type ST/CMOS Description Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input. Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKOUT, which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate. Master Clear (Reset) input/programming voltage input. This pin is an Active Low Reset to the device. PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.
4
4
I/P
ST
RA0/AN0 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2/VREF RA3/AN3 RA4/T0CKI
17 18 1 2 3
19 20 1 2 3
I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O
ST ST ST ST ST
Analog comparator input Analog comparator input Analog comparator input or VREF output Analog comparator input /output Can be selected to be the clock input to the Timer0 timer/counter or a comparator output. Output is open drain type. PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be software programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.
RB0/INT RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7 VSS VDD Legend:
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 14
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5,6 15,16
I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O P P
TTL/ST(1) TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL/ST(2) TTL/ST(2) -- --
RB0/INT can also be selected as an external interrupt pin.
Interrupt-on-change pin. Interrupt-on-change pin. Interrupt-on-change pin. Serial programming clock. Interrupt-on-change pin. Serial programming data. Ground reference for logic and I/O pins. Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
O = output I/O = input/output P = power -- = Not used I = Input ST = Schmitt Trigger input TTL = TTL input Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt. 2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 11
PIC16C62X
3.1 Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle 3.2 Instruction Flow/Pipelining
The clock input (OSC1/CLKIN pin) is internally divided by four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the program counter (PC) is incremented every Q1, the instruction is fetched from the program memory and latched into the instruction register in Q4. The instruction is decoded and executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow is shown in Figure 3-2. An "Instruction Cycle" consists of four Q cycles (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). The instruction fetch and execute are pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction cycle while decode and execute takes another instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO) then two cycles are required to complete the instruction (Example 3-1). A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC) incrementing in Q1. In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched into the "Instruction Register (IR)" in cycle Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2, Q3 and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write).
FIGURE 3-2:
CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
Q1 OSC1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC
PC PC+1 PC+2
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Internal phase clock
OSC2/CLKOUT (RC mode)
Fetch INST (PC) Execute INST (PC-1)
Fetch INST (PC+1) Execute INST (PC)
Fetch INST (PC+2) Execute INST (PC+1)
EXAMPLE 3-1:
1. MOVLW 55h 2. MOVWF PORTB 3. CALL 4. BSF SUB_1
INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW
Fetch 1 Execute 1 Fetch 2 Execute 2 Fetch 3 Execute 3 Fetch 4 Flush Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
PORTA, BIT3
Note:
All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction is "flushed" from the pipeline, while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
DS30235J-page 12
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
4.0
4.1
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
Program Memory Organization
FIGURE 4-2:
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR THE PIC16C621/PIC16C621A
PC<12:0>
The PIC16C62X has a 13-bit program counter capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program memory space. Only the first 512 x 14 (0000h - 01FFh) for the PIC16C620(A) and PIC16CR620, 1K x 14 (0000h 03FFh) for the PIC16C621(A) and 2K x 14 (0000h 07FFh) for the PIC16C622(A) are physically implemented. Accessing a location above these boundaries will cause a wrap-around within the first 512 x 14 space (PIC16C(R)620(A)) or 1K x 14 space (PIC16C621(A)) or 2K x 14 space (PIC16C622(A)). The RESET vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is at 0004h (Figure 4-1, Figure 4-2, Figure 4-3).
CALL, RETURN RETFIE, RETLW
13
Stack Level 1 Stack Level 2 Stack Level 8 RESET Vector 000h
FIGURE 4-1:
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR THE PIC16C620/PIC16C620A/ PIC16CR620A
PC<12:0>
Interrupt Vector
0004 0005
On-Chip Program Memory 03FFh 0400h
CALL, RETURN RETFIE, RETLW
13
Stack Level 1 Stack Level 2 1FFFh
Stack Level 8 RESET Vector
FIGURE 4-3:
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP AND STACK FOR THE PIC16C622/PIC16C622A
PC<12:0>
000h
CALL, RETURN RETFIE, RETLW
13
Interrupt Vector
0004 0005
Stack Level 1 Stack Level 2 Stack Level 8
On-Chip Program Memory 01FFh 0200h
RESET Vector
000h
1FFFh
Interrupt Vector
0004 0005
On-Chip Program Memory 07FFh 0800h
1FFFh
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 13
PIC16C62X
4.2 Data Memory Organization
4.2.1
The data memory (Figure 4-4, Figure 4-5, Figure 4-6 and Figure 4-7) is partitioned into two banks, which contain the General Purpose Registers and the Special Function Registers. Bank 0 is selected when the RP0 bit is cleared. Bank 1 is selected when the RP0 bit (STATUS <5>) is set. The Special Function Registers are located in the first 32 locations of each bank. Register locations 20-7Fh (Bank0) on the PIC16C620A/CR620A/621A and 20-7Fh (Bank0) and A0-BFh (Bank1) on the PIC16C622 and PIC16C622A are General Purpose Registers implemented as static RAM. Some Special Purpose Registers are mapped in Bank 1. Addresses F0h-FFh of bank1 are implemented as common ram and mapped back to addresses 70h-7Fh in bank0 on the PIC16C620A/621A/622A/CR620A.
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE
The register file is organized as 80 x 8 in the PIC16C620/621, 96 x 8 in the PIC16C620A/621A/ CR620A and 128 x 8 in the PIC16C622(A). Each is accessed either directly or indirectly through the File Select Register FSR (Section 4.4).
DS30235J-page 14
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
FIGURE 4-4:
File Address 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 1Eh 1Fh 20h INDF(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR PORTA PORTB INDF(1) OPTION PCL STATUS FSR TRISA TRISB
DATA MEMORY MAP FOR THE PIC16C620/621
File Address 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Ch 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh A0h
FIGURE 4-5:
File Address 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 1Eh 1Fh 20h
DATA MEMORY MAP FOR THE PIC16C622
File Address INDF(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR PORTA PORTB INDF(1) OPTION PCL STATUS FSR TRISA TRISB 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Ch 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh A0h
PCLATH INTCON PIR1
PCLATH INTCON PIE1 PCON
PCLATH INTCON PIR1
PCLATH INTCON PIE1 PCON
CMCON General Purpose Register
VRCON
CMCON General Purpose Register
VRCON General Purpose Register
6Fh 70h
BFh C0h
7Fh
FFh Bank 0 Bank 1
7Fh
FFh Bank 0 Bank 1
Unimplemented data memory locations, read as '0'.
Unimplemented data memory locations, read as '0'.
Note 1: Not a physical register.
Note 1: Not a physical register.
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FIGURE 4-6:
File Address 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 1Eh 1Fh 20h INDF(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR PORTA PORTB INDF(1) OPTION PCL STATUS FSR TRISA TRISB
DATA MEMORY MAP FOR THE PIC16C620A/CR620A/621A
File Address 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Ch 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh A0h
FIGURE 4-7:
File Address 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 1Eh 1Fh 20h
DATA MEMORY MAP FOR THE PIC16C622A
File Address INDF(1) TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR PORTA PORTB INDF(1) OPTION PCL STATUS FSR TRISA TRISB 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Ch 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9Ah 9Bh 9Ch 9Dh 9Eh 9Fh A0h
PCLATH INTCON PIR1
PCLATH INTCON PIE1 PCON
PCLATH INTCON PIR1
PCLATH INTCON PIE1 PCON
CMCON General Purpose Register
VRCON
CMCON General Purpose Register
VRCON General Purpose Register
BFh C0h
6Fh 70h 7Fh General Purpose Register Bank 0 F0h Accesses 70h-7Fh FFh Bank 1
6Fh 70h 7Fh General Purpose Register Bank 0 Accesses 70h-7Fh
F0h FFh Bank 1
Unimplemented data memory locations, read as '0'.
Unimplemented data memory locations, read as '0'.
Note 1: Not a physical register.
Note 1: Not a physical register.
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4.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and Peripheral functions for controlling the desired operation of the device (Table 4-1). These registers are static RAM. The Special Function Registers can be classified into two sets (core and peripheral). The Special Function Registers associated with the "core" functions are described in this section. Those related to the operation of the peripheral features are described in the section of that peripheral feature.
TABLE 4-1:
Address Name Bank 0 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h-09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch INDF TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR PORTA PORTB
SPECIAL REGISTERS FOR THE PIC16C62X
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR Reset Value on all other RESETS(1) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu 0000 0000 000q quuu uuuu uuuu ---u 0000 uuuu uuuu -- ---0 0000 0000 000u -0-- ----- 00-- 0000
Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) Timer0 Module's Register Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte IRP(2) RP1(2) RP0 TO PD Z DC C
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0001 1xxx xxxx xxxx
Indirect data memory address pointer -- RB7 -- RB6 -- RB5 RA4 RB4 RA3 RB3 RA2 RB2 RA1 RB1 RA0 RB0
---x 0000 xxxx xxxx --
Unimplemented PCLATH INTCON PIR1 -- GIE -- -- PEIE CMIF -- T0IE -- Write buffer for upper 5 bits of program counter INTE -- RBIE -- T0IF -- INTF -- RBIF --
---0 0000 0000 000x -0-- -----
0Dh-1Eh Unimplemented 1Fh Bank 1 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h-89h 8Ah 8Bh 8Ch 8Dh 8Eh 8Fh-9Eh 9Fh INDF OPTION PCL STATUS FSR TRISA TRISB Unimplemented PCLATH INTCON PIE1 Unimplemented PCON Unimplemented VRCON VREN VROE VRR -- VR3 VR2 VR1 VR0 -- -- -- -- -- -- POR BOR -- GIE -- -- PEIE CMIE -- T0IE -- Write buffer for upper 5 bits of program counter INTE -- RBIE -- T0IF -- INTF -- RBIF -- Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) RBPU IRP(2) INTEDG RP1(2) T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 CMCON C2OUT C1OUT -- -- CIS CM2 CM1 CM0
00-- 0000
xxxx xxxx 1111 1111 0000 0000
xxxx xxxx 1111 1111 0000 0000 000q quuu uuuu uuuu ---1 1111 1111 1111 -- ---0 0000 0000 000u -0-- ----- ---- --uq -- 000- 0000
Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte RP0 TO PD Z DC C
0001 1xxx xxxx xxxx
Indirect data memory address pointer -- TRISB7 -- TRISB6 -- TRISB5 TRISA4 TRISB4 TRISA3 TRISB3 TRISA2 TRISB2 TRISA1 TRISB1 TRISA0 TRISB0
---1 1111 1111 1111 -- ---0 0000 0000 000x -0-- ----- ---- --0x -- 000- 0000
Legend: -- = Unimplemented locations read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown, q = value depends on condition, shaded = unimplemented Note 1: Other (non Power-up) Resets include MCLR Reset, Brown-out Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset during normal operation. 2: IRP & RP1 bits are reserved; always maintain these bits clear.
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4.2.2.1 STATUS Register
The STATUS register, shown in Register 4-1, contains the arithmetic status of the ALU, the RESET status and the bank select bits for data memory. The STATUS register can be the destination for any instruction, like any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled. These bits are set or cleared according to the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS register as destination may be different than intended. For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper-three bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register as 000uu1uu (where u = unchanged). It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the STATUS register, because these instructions do not affect any STATUS bit. For other instructions not affecting any STATUS bits, see the "Instruction Set Summary". Note 1: The IRP and RP1 bits (STATUS<7:6>) are not used by the PIC16C62X and should be programmed as '0'. Use of these bits as general purpose R/W bits is NOT recommended, since this may affect upward compatibility with future products. 2: The C and DC bits operate as a Borrow and Digit Borrow out bit, respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF instructions for examples.
REGISTER 4-1:
STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 03H OR 83H)
Reserved Reserved IRP bit 7 RP1 R/W-0 RP0 R-1 TO R-1 PD R/W-x Z R/W-x DC R/W-x C bit 0
bit 7
IRP: Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing) 1 = Bank 2, 3 (100h - 1FFh) 0 = Bank 0, 1 (00h - FFh) The IRP bit is reserved on the PIC16C62X; always maintain this bit clear. RP<1:0>: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing) 01 = Bank 1 (80h - FFh) 00 = Bank 0 (00h - 7Fh) Each bank is 128 bytes. The RP1 bit is reserved on the PIC16C62X; always maintain this bit clear. TO: Time-out bit 1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction 0 = A WDT time-out occurred PD: Power-down bit 1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction 0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction Z: Zero bit 1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero 0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)(for borrow the polarity is reversed) 1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result C: Carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions) 1 = A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred 0 = No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred Note: For borrow the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two's complement of the second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high or low order bit of the source register. W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 6-5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR
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4.2.2.2 OPTION Register
Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for TMR0, assign the prescaler to the WDT (PSA = 1). The OPTION register is a readable and writable register, which contains various control bits to configure the TMR0/WDT prescaler, the external RB0/INT interrupt, TMR0 and the weak pull-ups on PORTB.
REGISTER 4-2:
OPTION REGISTER (ADDRESS 81H)
R/W-1 RBPU bit 7 R/W-1 INTEDG R/W-1 T0CS R/W-1 T0SE R/W-1 PSA R/W-1 PS2 R/W-1 PS1 R/W-1 PS0 bit 0
bit 7
RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit 1 = PORTB pull-ups are disabled 0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit 1 = Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin 0 = Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit 1 = Transition on RA4/T0CKI pin 0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT) T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit 1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on RA4/T0CKI pin 0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on RA4/T0CKI pin PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit 1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT 0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module PS<2:0>: Prescaler Rate Select bits
Bit Value 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 TMR0 Rate 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128 1 : 256 WDT Rate 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1 : 16 1 : 32 1 : 64 1 : 128
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
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4.2.2.3 INTCON Register
Note: Interrupt flag bits get set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). The INTCON register is a readable and writable register, which contains the various enable and flag bits for all interrupt sources except the comparator module. See Section 4.2.2.4 and Section 4.2.2.5 for a description of the comparator enable and flag bits.
REGISTER 4-3:
INTCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 0BH OR 8BH)
R/W-0 GIE bit 7 R/W-0 PEIE R/W-0 T0IE R/W-0 INTE R/W-0 RBIE R/W-0 T0IF R/W-0 INTF R/W-x RBIF bit 0
bit 7
GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables all un-masked interrupts 0 = Disables all interrupts PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables all un-masked peripheral interrupts 0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts T0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the TMR0 interrupt 0 = Disables the TMR0 interrupt INTE: RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the RB0/INT external interrupt 0 = Disables the RB0/INT external interrupt RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt 0 = Disables the RB port change interrupt T0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit 1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software) 0 = TMR0 register did not overflow INTF: RB0/INT External Interrupt Flag bit 1 = The RB0/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software) 0 = The RB0/INT external interrupt did not occur RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit 1 = When at least one of the RB<7:4> pins changed state (must be cleared in software) 0 = None of the RB<7:4> pins have changed state Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
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4.2.2.4 PIE1 Register
This register contains the individual enable bit for the comparator interrupt.
REGISTER 4-4:
PIE1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8CH)
U-0 -- bit 7 R/W-0 CMIE U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- bit 0
bit 7 bit 6
Unimplemented: Read as '0' CMIE: Comparator Interrupt Enable bit 1 = Enables the Comparator interrupt 0 = Disables the Comparator interrupt Unimplemented: Read as '0' Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 5-0
4.2.2.5
PIR1 Register
This register contains the individual flag bit for the comparator interrupt. Note: Interrupt flag bits get set when an interrupt condition occurs, regardless of the state of its corresponding enable bit or the global enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.
REGISTER 4-5:
PIR1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0CH)
U-0 -- bit 7 R/W-0 CMIF U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- bit 0
bit 7 bit 6
Unimplemented: Read as '0' CMIF: Comparator Interrupt Flag bit 1 = Comparator input has changed 0 = Comparator input has not changed Unimplemented: Read as '0' Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 5-0
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4.2.2.6 PCON Register
The PCON register contains flag bits to differentiate between a Power-on Reset, an external MCLR Reset, WDT Reset or a Brown-out Reset. Note: BOR is unknown on Power-on Reset. It must then be set by the user and checked on subsequent RESETS to see if BOR is cleared, indicating a brown-out has occurred. The BOR STATUS bit is a "don't care" and is not necessarily predictable if the brown-out circuit is disabled (by programming BODEN bit in the Configuration word).
REGISTER 4-6:
PCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Eh)
U-0 -- bit 7 U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 POR R/W-0 BOR bit 0
bit 7-2 bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as '0' POR: Power-on Reset STATUS bit 1 = No Power-on Reset occurred 0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs) BOR: Brown-out Reset STATUS bit 1 = No Brown-out Reset occurred 0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs) Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 0
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4.3 PCL and PCLATH
4.3.2 STACK
The program counter (PC) is 13-bits wide. The low byte comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and writable register. The high byte (PC<12:8>) is not directly readable or writable and comes from PCLATH. On any RESET, the PC is cleared. Figure 4-8 shows the two situations for the loading of the PC. The upper example in the figure shows how the PC is loaded on a write to PCL (PCLATH<4:0> PCH). The lower example in the figure shows how the PC is loaded during a CALL or GOTO instruction (PCLATH<4:3> PCH). The PIC16C62X family has an 8-level deep x 13-bit wide hardware stack (Figure 4-2 and Figure 4-3). The stack space is not part of either program or data space and the stack pointer is not readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the stack when a CALL instruction is executed or an interrupt causes a branch. The stack is POPed in the event of a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution. PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation. The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth push overwrites the value that was stored from the first push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and so on). Note 1: There are no STATUS bits to indicate stack overflow or stack underflow conditions. 2: There are no instructions/mnemonics called PUSH or POP. These are actions that occur from the execution of the CALL, RETURN, RETLW and RETFIE instructions, or the vectoring to an interrupt address.
FIGURE 4-8:
LOADING OF PC IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
PCL 8 7 0 Instruction with PCL as Destination ALU result
PCH 12 PC 5
PCLATH<4:0>
8
PCLATH PCH 12 PC 2 PCLATH<4:3> 11 Opcode <10:0> PCLATH 11 10 8 7 PCL 0 GOTO,CALL
4.3.1
COMPUTED GOTO
A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When doing a table read using a computed GOTO method, care should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL memory boundary (each 256 byte block). Refer to the application note, "Implementing a Table Read" (AN556).
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4.4 Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers
EXAMPLE 4-1:
movlw movwf NEXT clrf incf btfss goto CONTINUE:
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
;initialize pointer ;to RAM ;clear INDF register ;inc pointer ;all done? ;no clear next ;yes continue
The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing the INDF register will cause indirect addressing. Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF register. Any instruction using the INDF register actually accesses data pointed to by the File Select Register (FSR). Reading INDF itself indirectly will produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a no-operation (although STATUS bits may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is obtained by concatenating the 8-bit FSR register and the IRP bit (STATUS<7>), as shown in Figure 4-9. However, IRP is not used in the PIC16C62X. A simple program to clear RAM location 20h-7Fh using indirect addressing is shown in Example 4-1.
0x20 FSR INDF FSR FSR,7 NEXT
FIGURE 4-9:
DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING PIC16C62X
Direct Addressing Indirect Addressing
0 IRP
(1)
RP1
RP0
(1)
6
from opcode
7
FSR register
0
bank select
location select 00 00h 01 10 11
bank select 180h
location select
not used Data Memory
7Fh
1FFh
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
For memory map detail see (Figure 4-4, Figure 4-5, Figure 4-6 and Figure 4-7). Note 1: The RP1 and IRP bits are reserved; always maintain these bits clear.
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PIC16C62X
5.0 I/O PORTS
Note: The PIC16C62X have two ports, PORTA and PORTB. Some pins for these I/O ports are multiplexed with an alternate function for the peripheral features on the device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin. On RESET, the TRISA register is set to all inputs. The digital inputs are disabled and the comparator inputs are forced to ground to reduce excess current consumption.
5.1
PORTA and TRISA Registers
TRISA controls the direction of the RA pins, even when they are being used as comparator inputs. The user must make sure to keep the pins configured as inputs when using them as comparator inputs. The RA2 pin will also function as the output for the voltage reference. When in this mode, the VREF pin is a very high impedance output and must be buffered prior to any external load. The user must configure TRISA<2> bit as an input and use high impedance loads. In one of the Comparator modes defined by the CMCON register, pins RA3 and RA4 become outputs of the comparators. The TRISA<4:3> bits must be cleared to enable outputs to use this function.
PORTA is a 5-bit wide latch. RA4 is a Schmitt Trigger input and an open drain output. Port RA4 is multiplexed with the T0CKI clock input. All other RA port pins have Schmitt Trigger input levels and full CMOS output drivers. All pins have data direction bits (TRIS registers), which can configure these pins as input or output. A '1' in the TRISA register puts the corresponding output driver in a Hi-impedance mode. A '0' in the TRISA register puts the contents of the output latch on the selected pin(s). Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All write operations are read-modify-write operations. So a write to a port implies that the port pins are first read, then this value is modified and written to the port data latch. The PORTA pins are multiplexed with comparator and voltage reference functions. The operation of these pins are selected by control bits in the CMCON (comparator control register) register and the VRCON (voltage reference control register) register. When selected as a comparator input, these pins will read as '0's.
EXAMPLE 5-1:
CLRF MOVLW MOVWF BSF MOVLW PORTA 0X07 CMCON STATUS, RP0 0x1F
INITIALIZING PORTA
;Initialize PORTA by setting ;output data latches ;Turn comparators off and ;enable pins for I/O ;functions ;Select Bank1 ;Value used to initialize ;data direction
MOVWF
TRISA
;Set RA<4:0> as inputs ;TRISA<7:5> are always ;read as '0'.
FIGURE 5-1:
Data Bus WR PORTA
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA1:RA0 PINS
Q VDD CK Q P VDD
FIGURE 5-2:
Data Bus WR PORTA D
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA2 PIN
Q VDD VDD
D
CK
Q
P
Data Latch D I/O Pin VSS WR TRISA Q N CK Q VSS Analog Input Mode Schmitt Trigger Input Buffer Q D VSS RA2 Pin
Data Latch D WR TRISA Q N CK Q VSS Analog Input Mode Schmitt Trigger Input Buffer
TRIS Latch
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD TRISA
Q
D RD PORTA
EN
EN RD PORTA
To Comparator VROE
To Comparator
VREF
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FIGURE 5-3:
Data Bus WR PORTA D
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA3 PIN
Comparator Mode = 110 Q Comparator Output CK Data Latch Q VDD P VDD
D WR TRISA CK
Q N Q VSS Analog Input Mode Schmitt Trigger Input Buffer Q EN D VSS RA3 Pin
TRIS Latch
RD TRISA
RD PORTA
To Comparator
FIGURE 5-4:
Data Bus WR PORTA D CK
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RA4 PIN
Comparator Mode = 110 Q Comparator Output Q Q N CK Q VSS VSS TRIS Latch RA4 Pin
Data Latch D WR TRISA
RD TRISA Q EN RD PORTA
Schmitt Trigger Input Buffer D
TMR0 Clock Input
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TABLE 5-1:
Name RA0/AN0 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2/VREF RA3/AN3 RA4/T0CKI
PORTA FUNCTIONS
Bit # bit0 bit1 bit2 bit3 bit4 Buffer Type ST ST ST ST ST Function Input/output or comparator input Input/output or comparator input Input/output or comparator input or VREF output Input/output or comparator input/output Input/output or external clock input for TMR0 or comparator output. Output is open drain type.
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input
TABLE 5-2:
Address Name 05h 85h 1Fh 9Fh
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA
Bit 7 -- -- Bit 6 -- -- Bit 5 -- -- -- VRR Bit 4 RA4 TRISA 4 -- -- Bit 3 RA3 TRISA 3 CIS VR3 Bit 2 RA2 TRISA 2 CM2 VR2 Bit 1 RA1 TRISA 1 CM1 VR1 Bit 0 RA0 Value on POR
---x 0000
Value on All Other RESETS
---u 0000 ---1 1111
PORTA TRISA
TRISA ---1 1111 0 CM0 VR0
00-- 0000 000- 0000
CMCON C2OUT C1OUT VRCON VREN VROE
00-- 0000 000- 0000
Legend: -- = Unimplemented locations, read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown Note: Shaded bits are not used by PORTA.
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5.2 PORTB and TRISB Registers
PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bi-directional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISB. A '1' in the TRISB register puts the corresponding output driver in a High Impedance mode. A '0' in the TRISB register puts the contents of the output latch on the selected pin(s). Reading PORTB register reads the status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All write operations are read-modify-write operations. So a write to a port implies that the port pins are first read, then this value is modified and written to the port data latch. Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up (200 A typical). A single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups. This is done by clearing the RBPU (OPTION<7>) bit. The weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are disabled on Power-on Reset. Four of PORTB's pins, RB<7:4>, have an interrupt on change feature. Only pins configured as inputs can cause this interrupt to occur (e.g., any RB<7:4> pin configured as an output is excluded from the interrupt on change comparison). The input pins (of RB<7:4>) are compared with the old value latched on the last read of PORTB. The "mismatch" outputs of RB<7:4> are OR'ed together to generate the RBIF interrupt (flag latched in INTCON<0>). This interrupt can wake the device from SLEEP. The user, in the interrupt service routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) b) Any read or write of PORTB. This will end the mismatch condition. Clear flag bit RBIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit RBIF. Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow flag bit RBIF to be cleared. This interrupt on mismatch feature, together with software configurable pull-ups on these four pins allow easy interface to a key pad and make it possible for wake-up on key-depression. (See AN552, "Implementing Wake-Up on Key Strokes.) Note: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when the read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the RBIF interrupt flag may not get set.
The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for wake-up on key depression operation and operations where PORTB is only used for the interrupt on change feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while using the interrupt-on-change feature.
FIGURE 5-6:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB<3:0> PINS
VDD weak P pull-up
VCC
FIGURE 5-5:
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RB<7:4> PINS
VDD weak P pull-up
VCC
RBPU(1)
RBPU
(1)
Data Bus WR PORTB
Data Latch D Q CK Q D Q CK Q I/O pin
VSS
Data Bus WR PORTB
Data Latch D Q CK Q TRIS Latch D Q I/O pin
VSS
WR TRISB
TTL Input Buffer
WR TRISB
CK Q
TTL Input Buffer
ST Buffer
RD TRISB Q RD PORTB EN D
RD TRISB Q RD PORTB
Latch D RB0/INT EN
Set RBIF
ST Buffer D
RD PORTB
From other RB<7:4> pins
Q EN
Note 1: TRISB = 1 enables weak pull-up if RBPU = '0' (OPTION<7>).
RD PORTB RB<7:6> in Serial Programming mode Note 1: TRISB = 1 enables weak pull-up if RBPU = '0' (OPTION<7>).
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TABLE 5-3:
Name RB0/INT RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 RB6 RB7
PORTB FUNCTIONS
Bit # bit0 bit1 bit2 bit3 bit4 bit5 bit6 bit7 Buffer Type TTL/ST(1) TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL/ST(2) TTL/ST(2) Function Input/output or external interrupt input. Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Serial programming clock pin. Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Serial programming data pin.
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger, TTL = TTL input Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt. 2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
TABLE 5-4:
Address Name 06h 86h 81h PORTB TRISB
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB
Bit 7 RB7 TRISB7 RBPU Bit 6 RB6 TRISB6 INTEDG Bit 5 RB5 Bit 4 RB4 Bit 3 RB3 Bit 2 RB2 Bit 1 RB1 Bit 0 RB0 Value on POR xxxx xxxx Value on All Other RESETS uuuu uuuu 1111 1111 1111 1111
TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 1111 1111 T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111
OPTION
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown Note 1: Shaded bits are not used by PORTB.
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5.3
5.3.1
I/O Programming Considerations
BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS
EXAMPLE 5-2:
READ-MODIFY-WRITE INSTRUCTIONS ON AN I/O PORT
PORTB<7:4> Inputs PORTB<3:0> Outputs
Any instruction which writes, operates internally as a read followed by a write operation. The BCF and BSF instructions, for example, read the register into the CPU, execute the bit operation and write the result back to the register. Caution must be used when these instructions are applied to a port with both inputs and outputs defined. For example, a BSF operation on bit5 of PORTB will cause all eight bits of PORTB to be read into the CPU. Then the BSF operation takes place on bit5 and PORTB is written to the output latches. If another bit of PORTB is used as a bi-directional I/O pin (e.g., bit0) and it is defined as an input at this time, the input signal present on the pin itself would be read into the CPU and re-written to the data latch of this particular pin, overwriting the previous content. As long as the pin stays in the Input mode, no problem occurs. However, if bit0 is switched into Output mode later on, the content of the data latch may now be unknown. Reading the port register reads the values of the port pins. Writing to the port register writes the value to the port latch. When using read-modify-write instructions (ex. BCF, BSF, etc.) on a port, the value of the port pins is read, the desired operation is done to this value, and this value is then written to the port latch. Example 5-2 shows the effect of two sequential readmodify-write instructions (ex., BCF, BSF, etc.) on an I/O port. A pin actively outputting a Low or High should not be driven from external devices at the same time in order to change the level on this pin ("wired-or", "wired-and"). The resulting high output currents may damage the chip.
; Initial PORT settings: ; ;
; PORTB<7:6> have external pull-up and are not ; connected to other circuitry ; ; ; PORT latch ---------PORT pins ---------
BCF BCF BSF BCF BCF ;
PORTB, 7 PORTB, 6 STATUS,RP0 TRISB, 7 TRISB, 6
; 01pp pppp ; 10pp pppp ; ; 10pp pppp ; 10pp pppp
11pp pppp 11pp pppp
11pp pppp 10pp pppp
; Note that the user may have expected the pin ; values to be 00pp pppp. The 2nd BCF caused ; RB7 to be latched as the pin value (High).
5.3.2
SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON I/O PORTS
The actual write to an I/O port happens at the end of an instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data must be valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle (Figure 5-7). Therefore, care must be exercised if a write followed by a read operation is carried out on the same I/O port. The sequence of instructions should be such to allow the pin voltage to stabilize (load dependent) before the next instruction which causes that file to be read into the CPU is executed. Otherwise, the previous state of that pin may be read into the CPU rather than the new state. When in doubt, it is better to separate these instructions with a NOP or another instruction not accessing this I/O port.
FIGURE 5-7:
Q1
PC Instruction Instruction fetched fetched
SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION
Q2 Q3 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q2 Q3 PC+1 PC + 1 MOVF, PORTB, MOVF PORTB, W W Read PORTB Read PORTB Q4 Q4 Q1 Q1 Q2 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q2 Q3 Q3 Q4 Note:
PC
PC PC MOVWF, PORTB MOVWF PORTB Write to Write to PORTB PORTB
PC+2 PC + 2
NOP NOP
PC+3 PC + 3
NOP NOP
This example shows write to PORTB followed by a read from PORTB. Note that: data setup time = (0.25 TCY - TPD) where TCY = instruction cycle and TPD = propagation delay of Q1 cycle to output valid.
RB<7:0>
RB <7:0>
Port pin Port pin TPD T PD Execute Execute
MOVWF MOVWF PORTB PORTB sampled here sampled here
Therefore, at higher clock frequencies, a write followed by a read may be problematic.
Execute Execute
NOP NOP
Execute Execute
MOVF MOVF PORTB, W PORTB, W
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6.0 TIMER0 MODULE
The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following features: * * * * * * 8-bit timer/counter Readable and writable 8-bit software programmable prescaler Internal or external clock select Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h Edge select for external clock The prescaler is shared between the Timer0 module and the Watchdog Timer. The prescaler assignment is controlled in software by the control bit PSA (OPTION<3>). Clearing the PSA bit will assign the prescaler to Timer0. The prescaler is not readable or writable. When the prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module, prescale value of 1:2, 1:4, ..., 1:256 are selectable. Section 6.3 details the operation of the prescaler.
6.1
TIMER0 Interrupt
Figure 6-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module. Timer mode is selected by clearing the T0CS bit (OPTION<5>). In Timer mode, the TMR0 will increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). If Timer0 is written, the increment is inhibited for the following two cycles (Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3). The user can work around this by writing an adjusted value to TMR0. Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit. In this mode, Timer0 will increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin RA4/T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by the source edge (T0SE) control bit (OPTION<4>). Clearing the T0SE bit selects the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are discussed in detail in Section 6.2.
Timer0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0 register timer/counter overflows from FFh to 00h. This overflow sets the T0IF bit. The interrupt can be masked by clearing the T0IE bit (INTCON<5>). The T0IF bit (INTCON<2>) must be cleared in software by the Timer0 module interrupt service routine before reenabling this interrupt. The Timer0 interrupt cannot wake the processor from SLEEP, since the timer is shut off during SLEEP. See Figure 6-4 for Timer0 interrupt timing.
FIGURE 6-1:
RA4/T0CKI pin
TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Data Bus FOSC/4 0 1 1 Programmable Prescaler 0 PSout Sync with Internal clocks (2 Tcy delay) Set Flag bit T0IF on Overflow TMR0 PSout 8
T0SE PS<2:0> T0CS PSA
Note 1: Bits T0SE, T0CS, PS2, PS1, PS0 and PSA are located in the OPTION register. 2: The prescaler is shared with Watchdog Timer (Figure 6-6).
FIGURE 6-2:
PC (Program Counter) Instruction Fetch T0
TIMER0 (TMR0) TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/NO PRESCALER
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC-1 PC PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 PC+5 PC+6
MOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,W MOVWF TMR0 MOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,W
TMR0 Instruction Executed
T0+1
T0+2
NT0
NT0+1
NT0+2
T0
Write TMR0 executed
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 1 reads NT0 + 2
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FIGURE 6-3:
PC (Program Counter) Instruction Fetch TMR0 Instruction Execute T0
TIMER0 TIMING: INTERNAL CLOCK/PRESCALE 1:2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 PC-1 PC PC+1 PC+2 PC+3 PC+4 PC+5 PC+6
MOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,W MOVWF TMR0 MOVF TMR0,WMOVF TMR0,W
T0+1
NT0
NT0+1
Write TMR0 executed
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0
Read TMR0 reads NT0 + 1
FIGURE 6-4:
Q1 OSC1 CLKOUT(3) TMR0 timer T0IF bit (INTCON<2>) GIE bit (INTCON<7>)
TIMER0 INTERRUPT TIMING
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
FEh 1
FFh 1
00h
01h
02h
Interrupt Latency Time(2) INSTRUCTION FLOW PC Instruction fetched Instruction executed PC Inst (PC) Inst (PC-1) PC +1 Inst (PC+1) Dummy cycle PC +1 0004h Inst (0004h) Dummy cycle 0005h Inst (0005h) Inst (0004h)
Inst (PC)
Note 1: T0IF interrupt flag is sampled here (every Q1). 2: Interrupt latency = 3TCY, where TCY = instruction cycle time. 3: CLKOUT is available only in RC Oscillator mode.
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6.2 Using Timer0 with External Clock
When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it must meet certain requirements. The external clock requirement is due to internal phase clock (TOSC) synchronization. Also, there is a delay in the actual incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization. When a prescaler is used, the external clock input is divided by the asynchronous ripple-counter type prescaler, so that the prescaler output is symmetrical. For the external clock to meet the sampling requirement, the ripple-counter must be taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to have a period of at least 4TOSC (and a small RC delay of 40 ns) divided by the prescaler value. The only requirement on T0CKI high and low time is that they do not violate the minimum pulse width requirement of 10 ns. Refer to parameters 40, 41 and 42 in the electrical specification of the desired device.
6.2.1
EXTERNAL CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION
When no prescaler is used, the external clock input is the same as the prescaler output. The synchronization of T0CKI with the internal phase clocks is accomplished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks (Figure 6-5). Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be high for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns) and low for at least 2TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns). Refer to the electrical specification of the desired device.
6.2.2
TIMER0 INCREMENT DELAY
Since the prescaler output is synchronized with the internal clocks, there is a small delay from the time the external clock edge occurs to the time the TMR0 is actually incremented. Figure 6-5 shows the delay from the external clock edge to the timer incrementing.
FIGURE 6-5:
TIMER0 TIMING WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Small pulse misses sampling
External Clock Input or Prescaler output (2)
(1) (3)
External Clock/Prescaler Output after sampling Increment Timer0 (Q4) Timer0
T0
T0 + 1
T0 + 2
Note 1: Delay from clock input change to Timer0 increment is 3Tosc to 7Tosc. (Duration of Q = Tosc). Therefore, the error in measuring the interval between two edges on Timer0 input = 4Tosc max. 2: External clock if no prescaler selected, Prescaler output otherwise. 3: The arrows indicate the points in time where sampling occurs.
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6.3 Prescaler
An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog Timer, respectively (Figure 6-6). For simplicity, this counter is being referred to as "prescaler" throughout this data sheet. Note that there is only one prescaler available which is mutually exclusive between the Timer0 module and the Watchdog Timer. Thus, a prescaler assignment for the Timer0 module means that there is no prescaler for the Watchdog Timer and vice-versa. The PSA and PS<2:0> bits (OPTION<3:0>) determine the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio. When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1, BSF 1,x....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler along with the Watchdog Timer. The prescaler is not readable or writable.
FIGURE 6-6:
CLKOUT (= Fosc/4)
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER
Data Bus 8 1 0 M U X SYNC 2 Cycles TMR0 reg
0 T0CKI pin 1 T0SE
M U X
T0CS
PSA
Set flag bit T0IF on Overflow
0 M U X
8-bit Prescaler 8 8-to-1MUX PS<2:0>
Watchdog Timer
1
PSA 0 MUX 1 PSA
WDT Enable bit
WDT Time-out Note: T0SE, T0CS, PSA, PS<2:0> are bits in the OPTION register.
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6.3.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT
The prescaler assignment is fully under software control (i.e., it can be changed "on-the-fly" during program execution). To avoid an unintended device RESET, the following instruction sequence (Example 6-1) must be executed when changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to WDT.) To change prescaler from the WDT to the TMR0 module, use the sequence shown in Example 6-2. This precaution must be taken even if the WDT is disabled.
EXAMPLE 6-2:
CLRWDT BSF MOVLW
CHANGING PRESCALER (WDTTIMER0)
;Clear WDT and ;prescaler
STATUS, RP0 b'xxxx0xxx'
EXAMPLE 6-1:
1.BCF 2.CLRWDT 3.CLRF 4.BSF 5.MOVLW 6.MOVWF 7.CLRWDT 8.MOVLW 9.MOVWF 10.BCF TMR0
CHANGING PRESCALER (TIMER0WDT)
;Skip if already in ;Bank 0 ;Clear WDT ;Clear TMR0 & Prescaler ;Bank 1 ;These 3 lines (5, 6, 7) ;are required only if ;desired PS<2:0> are ;000 or 001 ;Set Postscaler to ;desired WDT rate ;Return to Bank 0
;Select TMR0, new ;prescale value and ;clock source
MOVWF BCF
OPTION_REG STATUS, RP0
STATUS, RP0
STATUS, RP0 '00101111'b; OPTION
'00101xxx'b OPTION STATUS, RP0
TABLE 6-1:
Address Name
01h 0Bh/8Bh 81h 85h TMR0
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR Value on All Other RESETS
Timer0 module register GIE RBPU -- PEIE INTEDG -- T0IE T0CS -- INTE T0SE TRISA4 RBIE PSA TRISA3 T0IF PS2 TRISA2 INTF PS1 TRISA1 RBIF PS0
xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu 0000 000x 0000 000u 1111 1111 1111 1111
INTCON OPTION TRISA
TRISA0 ---1 1111 ---1 1111
Legend: -- = Unimplemented locations, read as `0', u = unchanged, x = unknown Note: Shaded bits are not used by TMR0 module.
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NOTES:
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7.0 COMPARATOR MODULE
The comparator module contains two analog comparators. The inputs to the comparators are multiplexed with the RA0 through RA3 pins. The OnChip Voltage Reference (Section 8.0) can also be an input to the comparators. The CMCON register, shown in Register 7-1, controls the comparator input and output multiplexers. A block diagram of the comparator is shown in Figure 7-1.
REGISTER 7-1:
CMCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 1Fh)
R-0 C2OUT bit 7 R-0 C1OUT U-0 -- U-0 -- R/W-0 CIS R/W-0 CM2 R/W-0 CM1 R/W-0 CM0 bit 0
bit 7
C2OUT: Comparator 2 output 1 = C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN0 = C2 VIN+ < C2 VINC1OUT: Comparator 1 output 1 = C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN0 = C1 VIN+ < C1 VINUnimplemented: Read as `0' CIS: Comparator Input Switch When CM<2:0>: = 001: 1 = C1 VIN- connects to RA3 0 = C1 VIN- connects to RA0 When CM<2:0> = 010: 1 = C1 VIN- connects to RA3 C2 VIN- connects to RA2 0 = C1 VIN- connects to RA0 C2 VIN- connects to RA1 CM<2:0>: Comparator mode. Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 6
bit 5-4 bit 3
bit 2-0
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7.1 Comparator Configuration
There are eight modes of operation for the comparators. The CMCON register is used to select the mode. Figure 7-1 shows the eight possible modes. The TRISA register controls the data direction of the comparator pins for each mode. If the Comparator mode is changed, the comparator output level may not be valid for the specified mode change delay shown in Table 12-2. Note: Comparator interrupts should be disabled during a Comparator mode change otherwise a false interrupt may occur.
FIGURE 7-1:
RA0/AN0 RA3/AN3 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2 A A A A
COMPARATOR I/O OPERATING MODES
VINVIN+
+ + C2 C1
Off (Read as '0')
RA0/AN0 RA3/AN3 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2
D D D D
VINVIN+
+ + C2 C1
Off (Read as '0')
VINVIN+
Off (Read as '0') CM<2:0> = 000
VINVIN+
Off (Read as '0') CM<2:0> = 111
Comparators Reset
Comparators Off
RA0/AN0 RA3/AN3 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2
A A A A
VINVIN+
+ + C2 C2OUT CM<2:0> = 100 C1 C1OUT
RA0/AN0 A RA3/AN3 A RA1/AN1 A RA2/AN2 A
CIS=0 VINCIS=1 VIN+ CIS=0 CIS=1
+ + C2 C2OUT C1 C1OUT
VINVIN+
VINVIN+
From VREF Module
Four Inputs Multiplexed to Two Comparators
Two Independent Comparators
CM<2:0> = 010 + + C2 C2OUT C1 C1OUT
RA0/AN0 RA3/AN3 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2
A D A A
VINVIN+
+ + C2 C2OUT CM<2:0> = 011 C1 C1OUT
RA0/AN0 RA3/AN3 RA1/AN1
A D A A
VINVIN+
VINVIN+
VINVIN+
RA2/AN2 RA4 Open Drain
Two Common Reference Comparators
CM<2:0> = 110
Two Common Reference Comparators with Outputs
RA0/AN0 RA3/AN3 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2
D D A A
VINVIN+
+ + C2 C1
Off (Read as '0')
RA0/AN0 RA3/AN3
A A
CIS=0 VINCIS=1 VIN+
+ + C2 C2OUT CM<2:0> = 001 C1 C1OUT
VINVIN+
C2OUT CM<2:0> = 101
RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2
A A
VINVIN+
One Independent Comparator A = Analog Input, Port Reads Zeros Always D = Digital Input CIS = CMCON<3>, Comparator Input Switch
Three Inputs Multiplexed to Two Comparators
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The code example in Example 7-1 depicts the steps required to configure the comparator module. RA3 and RA4 are configured as digital output. RA0 and RA1 are configured as the V- inputs and RA2 as the V+ input to both comparators.
7.3
Comparator Reference
EXAMPLE 7-1:
MOVLW MOVWF CLRF BSF MOVLW MOVWF 0x03 CMCON PORTA STATUS,RP0 0x07 TRISA
INITIALIZING COMPARATOR MODULE
;Init comparator mode ;CM<2:0> = 011 ;Init PORTA ;Select Bank1 ;Initialize data direction ;Set RA<2:0> as inputs ;RA<4:3> as outputs ;TRISA<7:5> always read `0'
An external or internal reference signal may be used depending on the comparator Operating mode. The analog signal that is present at VIN- is compared to the signal at VIN+, and the digital output of the comparator is adjusted accordingly (Figure 7-2).
FIGURE 7-2:
SINGLE COMPARATOR
VIN+ VIN-
+ -
Output
BCF CALL MOVF BCF BSF BSF BCF BSF BSF
STATUS,RP0 DELAY 10 CMCON,F PIR1,CMIF STATUS,RP0 PIE1,CMIE STATUS,RP0
;Select Bank 0 ;10s delay ;Read CMCON to end change condition ;Clear pending interrupts ;Select Bank 1 ;Enable comparator interrupts ;Select Bank 0
VIN- VIN-
VIN+ VIN+
Output utput
INTCON,PEIE ;Enable peripheral interrupts INTCON,GIE ;Global interrupt enable
7.2
Comparator Operation
7.3.1
EXTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
A single comparator is shown in Figure 7-2 along with the relationship between the analog input levels and the digital output. When the analog input at VIN+ is less than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital low level. When the analog input at VIN+ is greater than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of the output of the comparator in Figure 7-2 represent the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time.
When external voltage references are used, the comparator module can be configured to have the comparators operate from the same or different reference sources. However, threshold detector applications may require the same reference. The reference signal must be between VSS and VDD, and can be applied to either pin of the comparator(s).
7.3.2
INTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
The comparator module also allows the selection of an internally generated voltage reference for the comparators. Section 10, Instruction Sets, contains a detailed description of the Voltage Reference Module that provides this signal. The internal reference signal is used when the comparators are in mode CM<2:0>=010 (Figure 7-1). In this mode, the internal voltage reference is applied to the VIN+ pin of both comparators.
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7.4 Comparator Response Time 7.5 Comparator Outputs
Response time is the minimum time, after selecting a new reference voltage or input source, before the comparator output has a valid level. If the internal reference is changed, the maximum delay of the internal voltage reference must be considered when using the comparator outputs. Otherwise the maximum delay of the comparators should be used (Table 12-2). The comparator outputs are read through the CMCON register. These bits are read only. The comparator outputs may also be directly output to the RA3 and RA4 I/O pins. When the CM<2:0> = 110, multiplexors in the output path of the RA3 and RA4 pins will switch and the output of each pin will be the unsynchronized output of the comparator. The uncertainty of each of the comparators is related to the input offset voltage and the response time given in the specifications. Figure 7-3 shows the comparator output block diagram. The TRISA bits will still function as an output enable/ disable for the RA3 and RA4 pins while in this mode. Note 1: When reading the PORT register, all pins configured as analog inputs will read as a `0'. Pins configured as digital inputs will convert an analog input according to the Schmitt Trigger input specification. 2: Analog levels on any pin that is defined as a digital input may cause the input buffer to consume more current than is specified.
FIGURE 7-3:
COMPARATOR OUTPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM
PORT PINS
MULTIPLEX + To RA3 or RA4 Pin Bus Data RD CMCON Q D EN -
Set CMIF Bit
Q FROM OTHER COMPARATOR
D EN CL RD CMCON NRESET
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7.6 Comparator Interrupts
The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever there is a change in the output value of either comparator. Software will need to maintain information about the status of the output bits, as read from CMCON<7:6>, to determine the actual change that has occurred. The CMIF bit, PIR1<6>, is the comparator interrupt flag. The CMIF bit must be RESET by clearing `0'. Since it is also possible to write a '1' to this register, a simulated interrupt may be initiated. The CMIE bit (PIE1<6>) and the PEIE bit (INTCON<6>) must be set to enable the interrupt. In addition, the GIE bit must also be set. If any of these bits are clear, the interrupt is not enabled, though the CMIF bit will still be set if an interrupt condition occurs. Note: If a change in the CMCON register (C1OUT or C2OUT) should occur when a read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF (PIR1<6>) interrupt flag may not get set. wake up the device from SLEEP mode when enabled. While the comparator is powered-up, higher SLEEP currents than shown in the power-down current specification will occur. Each comparator that is operational will consume additional current as shown in the comparator specifications. To minimize power consumption while in SLEEP mode, turn off the comparators, CM<2:0> = 111, before entering SLEEP. If the device wakes up from SLEEP, the contents of the CMCON register are not affected.
7.8
Effects of a RESET
A device RESET forces the CMCON register to its RESET state. This forces the comparator module to be in the comparator RESET mode, CM<2:0> = 000. This ensures that all potential inputs are analog inputs. Device current is minimized when analog inputs are present at RESET time. The comparators will be powered-down during the RESET interval.
7.9
The user, in the interrupt service routine, can clear the interrupt in the following manner: a) b) Any read or write of CMCON. This will end the mismatch condition. Clear flag bit CMIF.
Analog Input Connection Considerations
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit CMIF. Reading CMCON will end the mismatch condition and allow flag bit CMIF to be cleared.
7.7
Comparator Operation During SLEEP
When a comparator is active and the device is placed in SLEEP mode, the comparator remains active and the interrupt is functional if enabled. This interrupt will
A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in Figure 7-4. Since the analog pins are connected to a digital output, they have reverse biased diodes to VDD and VSS. The analog input therefore, must be between VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the diodes is forward biased and a latchup may occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 k is recommended for the analog sources. Any external component connected to an analog input pin, such as a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little leakage current.
FIGURE 7-4:
ANALOG INPUT MODEL
VDD RS < 10K AIN VT = 0.6V RIC
VA
CPIN 5 pF
VT = 0.6V
ILEAKAGE 500 nA
VSS Legend CPIN VT ILEAKAGE RIC RS VA = = = = = = Input Capacitance Threshold Voltage Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions Interconnect Resistance Source Impedance Analog Voltage
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PIC16C62X
TABLE 7-1:
Address 1Fh 9Fh 0Bh 0Ch 8Ch 85h Name CMCON VRCON INTCON PIR1 PIE1 TRISA
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE
Bit 7 C2OUT VREN GIE -- -- -- Bit 6 C1OUT VROE PEIE CMIF CMIE -- Bit 5 -- VRR T0IE -- -- -- Bit 4 -- -- INTE -- -- TRISA4 Bit 3 CIS VR3 RBIE -- -- TRISA3 Bit 2 CM2 VR2 T0IF -- -- TRISA2 Bit 1 CM1 VR1 INTF -- -- TRISA1 Bit 0 CM0 VR0 RBIF -- -- Value on POR Value on All Other RESETS
00-- 0000 00-- 0000 000- 0000 000- 0000 0000 000x 0000 000u -0-- ---- -0-- ----0-- ---- -0-- ----
TRISA0 ---1 1111 ---1 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as "0"
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PIC16C62X
8.0 VOLTAGE REFERENCE MODULE
8.1 Configuring the Voltage Reference
The Voltage Reference is a 16-tap resistor ladder network that provides a selectable voltage reference. The resistor ladder is segmented to provide two ranges of VREF values and has a power-down function to conserve power when the reference is not being used. The VRCON register controls the operation of the reference as shown in Register 8-1. The block diagram is given in Figure 8-1. The Voltage Reference can output 16 distinct voltage levels for each range. The equations used to calculate the output of the Voltage Reference are as follows: if VRR = 1: VREF = (VR<3:0>/24) x VDD if VRR = 0: VREF = (VDD x 1/4) + (VR<3:0>/32) x VDD The setting time of the Voltage Reference must be considered when changing the VREF output (Table 12-1). Example 8-1 shows an example of how to configure the Voltage Reference for an output voltage of 1.25V with VDD = 5.0V.
REGISTER 8-1:
VRCON REGISTER(ADDRESS 9Fh)
R/W-0 VREN bit 7 R/W-0 VROE R/W-0 VRR U-0 -- R/W-0 VR3 R/W-0 VR2 R/W-0 VR1 R/W-0 VR0 bit 0
bit 7
VREN: VREF Enable 1 = VREF circuit powered on 0 = VREF circuit powered down, no IDD drain VROE: VREF Output Enable 1 = VREF is output on RA2 pin 0 = VREF is disconnected from RA2 pin VRR: VREF Range selection 1 = Low Range 0 = High Range Unimplemented: Read as '0' VR<3:0>: VREF value selection 0 VR [3:0] 15 when VRR = 1: VREF = (VR<3:0>/ 24) * VDD when VRR = 0: VREF = 1/4 * VDD + (VR<3:0>/ 32) * VDD Legend: R = Readable bit - n = Value at POR W = Writable bit '1' = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' '0' = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4 bit 3-0
FIGURE 8-1:
VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM
16 Stages
VREN
8R
R
R
R
R
8R
VRR
VR3 VREF 16-1 Analog Mux VR0 (From VRCON<3:0>)
Note:
R is defined in Table 12-2.
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PIC16C62X
EXAMPLE 8-1:
MOVLW MOVWF BSF MOVLW MOVWF MOVLW MOVWF BCF CALL 0x02 CMCON STATUS,RP0 0x0F TRISA 0xA6 VRCON STATUS,RP0 DELAY10
VOLTAGE REFERENCE CONFIGURATION
; 4 Inputs Muxed ; to 2 comps. ; go to Bank 1 ; RA3-RA0 are ; inputs ; enable VREF ; low range ; set VR<3:0>=6 ; go to Bank 0 ; 10s delay
8.4
Effects of a RESET
A device RESET disables the voltage reference by clearing bit VREN (VRCON<7>). This reset also disconnects the reference from the RA2 pin by clearing bit VROE (VRCON<6>) and selects the high voltage range by clearing bit VRR (VRCON<5>). The VREF value select bits, VRCON<3:0>, are also cleared.
8.5
Connection Considerations
8.2
Voltage Reference Accuracy/Error
The full range of VSS to VDD cannot be realized due to the construction of the module. The transistors on the top and bottom of the resistor ladder network (Figure 8-1) keep VREF from approaching VSS or VDD. The voltage reference is VDD derived and therefore, the VREF output changes with fluctuations in VDD. The tested absolute accuracy of the voltage reference can be found in Table 12-2.
The voltage reference module operates independently of the comparator module. The output of the reference generator may be connected to the RA2 pin if the TRISA<2> bit is set and the VROE bit, VRCON<6>, is set. Enabling the voltage reference output onto the RA2 pin with an input signal present will increase current consumption. Connecting RA2 as a digital output with VREF enabled will also increase current consumption. The RA2 pin can be used as a simple D/A output with limited drive capability. Due to the limited drive capability, a buffer must be used in conjunction with the voltage reference output for external connections to VREF. Figure 8-2 shows an example buffering technique.
8.3
Operation During SLEEP
When the device wakes up from SLEEP through an interrupt or a Watchdog Timer time-out, the contents of the VRCON register are not affected. To minimize current consumption in SLEEP mode, the voltage reference should be disabled.
FIGURE 8-2:
VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT BUFFER EXAMPLE
R(1)
VREF Module Voltage Reference Output Impedance
RA * + - *
VREF Output
Note 1: R is dependent upon the Voltage Reference Configuration VRCON<3:0> and VRCON<5>.
TABLE 8-1:
Address 9Fh 1Fh 85h Name VRCON
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Bit 7 VREN C2OUT -- Bit 6 VROE C1OUT -- Bit 5 VRR -- -- Bit 4 -- -- TRISA4 Bit 3 VR3 CIS TRISA3 Bit 2 VR2 CM2 TRISA2 Bit 1 VR1 CM1 TRISA1 Bit 0 VR0 CM0 TRISA0 Value On POR 000- 0000 00-- 0000 ---1 1111 Value On All Other RESETS 000- 0000 00-- 0000 ---1 1111
CMCON TRISA
Note:
- = Unimplemented, read as "0"
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PIC16C62X
9.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CPU
Special circuits to deal with the needs of real-time applications are what sets a microcontroller apart from other processors. The PIC16C62X family has a host of such features intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost through elimination of external components, provide power saving operating modes and offer code protection. These are: 1. 2. OSC selection RESET Power-on Reset (POR) Power-up Timer (PWRT) Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) Brown-out Reset (BOR) Interrupts Watchdog Timer (WDT) SLEEP Code protection ID Locations In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM The PIC16C62X devices have a Watchdog Timer which is controlled by configuration bits. It runs off its own RC oscillator for added reliability. There are two timers that offer necessary delays on power-up. One is the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep the chip in RESET until the crystal oscillator is stable. The other is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which provides a fixed delay of 72 ms (nominal) on power-up only, designed to keep the part in RESET while the power supply stabilizes. There is also circuitry to RESET the device if a brown-out occurs, which provides at least a 72 ms RESET. With these three functions on-chip, most applications need no external RESET circuitry. The SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low current Power-down mode. The user can wake-up from SLEEP through external RESET, Watchdog Timer wake-up or through an interrupt. Several oscillator options are also made available to allow the part to fit the application. The RC oscillator option saves system cost, while the LP crystal option saves power. A set of configuration bits are used to select various options.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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PIC16C62X
9.1 Configuration Bits
The configuration bits can be programmed (read as '0') or left unprogrammed (read as '1') to select various device configurations. These bits are mapped in program memory location 2007h. The user will note that address 2007h is beyond the user program memory space. In fact, it belongs to the special test/configuration memory space (2000h - 3FFFh), which can be accessed only during programming.
REGISTER 9-1:
CP1 CP0 (2) CP1
CONFIGURATION WORD (ADDRESS 2007h)
CP0 (2) CP1 CP0 (2) BODEN CP1 CP0 (2) PWRTE WDTE F0SC1 F0SC0
bit 13 bit 13-8, 5-4: CP<1:0>: Code protection bit pairs (2) Code protection for 2K program memory 11 = Program memory code protection off 10 = 0400h-07FFh code protected 01 = 0200h-07FFh code protected 00 = 0000h-07FFh code protected Code protection for 1K program memory 11 = Program memory code protection off 10 = Program memory code protection off 01 = 0200h-03FFh code protected 00 = 0000h-03FFh code protected Code protection for 0.5K program memory 11 = Program memory code protection off 10 = Program memory code protection off 01 = Program memory code protection off 00 = 0000h-01FFh code protected bit 7 bit 6 Unimplemented: Read as `0' BODEN: Brown-out Reset Enable bit (1) 1 = BOR enabled 0 = BOR disabled PWRTE: Power-up Timer Enable bit (1, 3) 1 = PWRT disabled 0 = PWRT enabled WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable bit 1 = WDT enabled 0 = WDT disabled FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits 11 = RC oscillator 10 = HS oscillator 01 = XT oscillator 00 = LP oscillator
bit 0
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1-0
Note 1: Enabling Brown-out Reset automatically enables Power-up Timer (PWRT) regardless of the value of bit PWRTE. Ensure the Power-up Timer is enabled anytime Brown-out Detect Reset is enabled. 2: All of the CP<1:0> pairs have to be given the same value to enable the code protection scheme listed. 3: Unprogrammed parts default the Power-up Timer disabled. Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR W = Writable bit 1 = bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' 0 = bit is cleared x = bit is unknown
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PIC16C62X
9.2
9.2.1
Oscillator Configurations
OSCILLATOR TYPES
TABLE 9-1:
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CERAMIC RESONATORS
Freq OSC1(C1) 22 - 100 pF 15 - 68 pF 15 - 68 pF 10 - 68 pF 10 - 22 pF OSC2(C2) 22 - 100 pF 15 - 68 pF 15 - 68 pF 10 - 68 pF 10 - 22 pF
Ranges Characterized: Mode XT
The PIC16C62X devices can be operated in four different oscillator options. The user can program two configuration bits (FOSC1 and FOSC0) to select one of these four modes: * * * * LP XT HS RC Low Power Crystal Crystal/Resonator High Speed Crystal/Resonator Resistor/Capacitor
455 kHz 2.0 MHz 4.0 MHz 8.0 MHz 16.0 MHz
HS
9.2.2
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR / CERAMIC RESONATORS
In XT, LP or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator is connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins to establish oscillation (Figure 9-1). The PIC16C62X oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give a frequency out of the crystal manufacturers specifications. When in XT, LP or HS modes, the device can have an external clock source to drive the OSC1 pin (Figure 9-2).
Higher capacitance increases the stability of the oscillator but also increases the start-up time. These values are for design guidance only. Since each resonator has its own characteristics, the user should consult the resonator manufacturer for appropriate values of external components.
TABLE 9-2:
Mode LP
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Freq OSC1(C1) 68 - 100 pF 15 - 30 pF 68 - 150 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF OSC2(C2) 68 - 100 pF 15 - 30 pF 150 - 200 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF 15 - 30 pF
32 kHz 200 kHz 100 kHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz
FIGURE 9-1:
CRYSTAL OPERATION (OR CERAMIC RESONATOR) (HS, XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION)
OSC1
XT
HS
C1 XTAL OSC2 C2 RS See Note RF
To internal logic SLEEP
PIC16C62X
Higher capacitance increases the stability of the oscillator but also increases the start-up time. These values are for design guidance only. Rs may be required in HS mode as well as XT mode to avoid overdriving crystals with low drive level specification. Since each crystal has its own characteristics, the user should consult the crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components.
See Table 9-1 and Table 9-2 for recommended values of C1 and C2. Note: A series resistor may be required for AT strip cut crystals.
FIGURE 9-2:
EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT OPERATION (HS, XT OR LP OSC CONFIGURATION)
OSC1 PIC16C62X OSC2
clock from ext. system Open
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PIC16C62X
9.2.3 EXTERNAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT 9.2.4 RC OSCILLATOR
Either a prepackaged oscillator can be used or a simple oscillator circuit with TTL gates can be built. Prepackaged oscillators provide a wide operating range and better stability. A well-designed crystal oscillator will provide good performance with TTL gates. Two types of crystal oscillator circuits can be used; one with series resonance or one with parallel resonance. Figure 9-3 shows implementation of a parallel resonant oscillator circuit. The circuit is designed to use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The 74AS04 inverter performs the 180 phase shift that a parallel oscillator requires. The 4.7 k resistor provides the negative feedback for stability. The 10 k potentiometers bias the 74AS04 in the linear region. This could be used for external oscillator designs. For timing insensitive applications the "RC" device option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values, and the operating temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal process parameter variation. Furthermore, the difference in lead frame capacitance between package types will also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low CEXT values. The user also needs to take into account variation due to tolerance of external R and C components used. Figure 9-5 shows how the R/C combination is connected to the PIC16C62X. For REXT values below 2.2 k, the oscillator operation may become unstable or stop completely. For very high REXT values (e.g., 1 M), the oscillator becomes sensitive to noise, humidity and leakage. Thus, we recommend to keep REXT between 3 k and 100 k. Although the oscillator will operate with no external capacitor (CEXT = 0 pF), we recommend using values above 20 pF for noise and stability reasons. With no or small external capacitance, the oscillation frequency can vary dramatically due to changes in external capacitances, such as PCB trace capacitance or package lead frame capacitance. See Section 13.0 for RC frequency variation from part to part due to normal process variation. The variation is larger for larger R (since leakage current variation will affect RC frequency more for large R) and for smaller C (since variation of input capacitance will affect RC frequency more). See Section 13.0 for variation of oscillator frequency due to VDD for given REXT/CEXT values, as well as frequency variation due to operating temperature for given R, C and VDD values. The oscillator frequency, divided by 4, is available on the OSC2/CLKOUT pin, and can be used for test purposes or to synchronize other logic (Figure 3-2 for waveform).
FIGURE 9-3:
EXTERNAL PARALLEL RESONANT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
To Other Devices
+5V 10k 4.7k 74AS04 74AS04 PIC16C62X CLKIN
10k XTAL 10k 20 pF 20 pF
Figure 9-4 shows a series resonant oscillator circuit. This circuit is also designed to use the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The inverter performs a 180 phase shift in a series resonant oscillator circuit. The 330 k resistors provide the negative feedback to bias the inverters in their linear region.
FIGURE 9-5:
VDD
RC OSCILLATOR MODE
FIGURE 9-4:
EXTERNAL SERIES RESONANT CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
To Other Devices 74AS04 PIC16C62X CLKIN
PIC16C62X REXT OSC1 Internal Clock
330 k 74AS04 0.1 F
330 k 74AS04
CEXT VDD FOSC/4 OSC2/CLKOUT
XTAL
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PIC16C62X
9.3 RESET
The PIC16C62X differentiates between various kinds of RESET: a) b) c) d) e) f) Power-on Reset (POR) MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during SLEEP WDT Reset (normal operation) WDT wake-up (SLEEP) Brown-out Reset (BOR) MCLR Reset, WDT Reset and MCLR Reset during SLEEP. They are not affected by a WDT wake-up, since this is viewed as the resumption of normal operation. TO and PD bits are set or cleared differently in different RESET situations as indicated in Table 9-2. These bits are used in software to determine the nature of the RESET. See Table 9-5 for a full description of RESET states of all registers. A simplified block diagram of the on-chip RESET circuit is shown in Figure 9-6. The MCLR Reset path has a noise filter to detect and ignore small pulses. See Table 12-5 for pulse width specification.
Some registers are not affected in any RESET condition Their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in any other RESET. Most other registers are reset to a "RESET state" on Power-on Reset,
FIGURE 9-6:
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
External RESET
MCLR/ VPP Pin WDT Module VDD rise detect VDD Brown-out Reset OST/PWRT
SLEEP WDT Time-out Reset Power-on Reset S Q
BODEN
OST 10-bit Ripple-counter OSC1/ CLKIN Pin On-chip(1) RC OSC R Q
Chip_Reset
PWRT 10-bit Ripple-counter
Enable PWRT Enable OST
See Table 9-1 for time-out situations.
Note 1: This is a separate oscillator from the RC oscillator of the CLKIN pin.
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PIC16C62X
9.4 Power-on Reset (POR), Power-up Timer (PWRT), Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) and Brown-out Reset (BOR)
POWER-ON RESET (POR)
The Power-up Time delay will vary from chip-to-chip and due to VDD, temperature and process variation. See DC parameters for details.
9.4.3
9.4.1
OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER (OST)
The on-chip POR circuit holds the chip in RESET until VDD has reached a high enough level for proper operation. To take advantage of the POR, just tie the MCLR pin through a resistor to VDD. This will eliminate external RC components usually needed to create Power-on Reset. A maximum rise time for VDD is required. See Electrical Specifications for details. The POR circuit does not produce an internal RESET when VDD declines. When the device starts normal operation (exits the RESET condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the device must be held in RESET until the operating conditions are met. For additional information, refer to Application Note AN607, "Power-up Trouble Shooting".
The Oscillator Start-Up Timer (OST) provides a 1024 oscillator cycle (from OSC1 input) delay after the PWRT delay is over. This ensures that the crystal oscillator or resonator has started and stabilized. The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS modes and only on Power-on Reset or wake-up from SLEEP.
9.4.4
BROWN-OUT RESET (BOR)
The PIC16C62X members have on-chip Brown-out Reset circuitry. A configuration bit, BODEN, can disable (if clear/programmed) or enable (if set) the Brown-out Reset circuitry. If VDD falls below 4.0V refer to VBOR parameter D005 (VBOR) for greater than parameter (TBOR) in Table 12-5. The brown-out situation will RESET the chip. A RESET won't occur if VDD falls below 4.0V for less than parameter (TBOR). On any RESET (Power-on, Brown-out, Watchdog, etc.) the chip will remain in RESET until VDD rises above BVDD. The Power-up Timer will now be invoked and will keep the chip in RESET an additional 72 ms. If VDD drops below BVDD while the Power-up Timer is running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset and the Power-up Timer will be re-initialized. Once VDD rises above BVDD, the Power-Up Timer will execute a 72 ms RESET. The Power-up Timer should always be enabled when Brown-out Reset is enabled. Figure 9-7 shows typical Brown-out situations.
9.4.2
POWER-UP TIMER (PWRT)
The Power-up Timer provides a fixed 72 ms (nominal) time-out on power-up only, from POR or Brown-out Reset. The Power-up Timer operates on an internal RC oscillator. The chip is kept in RESET as long as PWRT is active. The PWRT delay allows the VDD to rise to an acceptable level. A configuration bit, PWRTE can disable (if set) or enable (if cleared or programmed) the Power-up Timer. The Power-up Timer should always be enabled when Brown-out Reset is enabled.
FIGURE 9-7:
BROWN-OUT SITUATIONS
VDD
BVDD
INTERNAL RESET VDD
72 ms
BVDD
INTERNAL RESET
<72 ms
72 ms
VDD
BVDD
INTERNAL RESET
72 ms
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PIC16C62X
9.4.5 TIME-OUT SEQUENCE 9.4.6
On power-up the time-out sequence is as follows: First PWRT time-out is invoked after POR has expired. Then OST is activated. The total time-out will vary based on oscillator configuration and PWRTE bit status. For example, in RC mode with PWRTE bit erased (PWRT disabled), there will be no time-out at all. Figure 9-8, Figure 9-9 and Figure 9-10 depict time-out sequences. Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR is kept low long enough, the time-outs will expire. Then bringing MCLR high will begin execution immediately (see Figure 9-9). This is useful for testing purposes or to synchronize more than one PIC16C62X device operating in parallel. Table 9-4 shows the RESET conditions for some special registers, while Table 9-5 shows the RESET conditions for all the registers.
POWER CONTROL (PCON)/ STATUS REGISTER
The power control/STATUS register, PCON (address 8Eh), has two bits. Bit0 is BOR (Brown-out). BOR is unknown on Poweron Reset. It must then be set by the user and checked on subsequent RESETS to see if BOR = 0, indicating that a brown-out has occurred. The BOR STATUS bit is a don't care and is not necessarily predictable if the brown-out circuit is disabled (by setting BODEN bit = 0 in the Configuration word). Bit1 is POR (Power-on Reset). It is a `0' on Power-on Reset and unaffected otherwise. The user must write a `1' to this bit following a Power-on Reset. On a subsequent RESET, if POR is `0', it will indicate that a Power-on Reset must have occurred (VDD may have gone too low).
TABLE 9-1:
TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS
Power-up Brown-out Reset PWRTE = 0 PWRTE = 1 1024 TOSC -- 72 ms + 1024 TOSC 72 ms 72 ms + 1024 TOSC 72 ms Wake-up from SLEEP 1024 TOSC --
Oscillator Configuration XT, HS, LP RC
TABLE 9-2:
POR 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
STATUS/PCON BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
BOR X X X 0 1 1 1 1 TO 1 0 X X 0 0 u 1 PD 1 X 0 X u 0 u 0 Power-on Reset Illegal, TO is set on POR Illegal, PD is set on POR Brown-out Reset WDT Reset WDT Wake-up MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during SLEEP
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown
TABLE 9-3:
Address 83h 8Eh
SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BROWN-OUT
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 TO Bit 3 PD Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Value on POR Reset Value on all other RESETS(1)
Name STATUS
0001 1xxx 000q quuu
PCON -- -- -- -- -- -- POR BOR ---- --0x ---- --uq Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0', q = value depends on condition. Note 1: Other (non Power-up) Resets include MCLR Reset, Brown-out Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset during normal operation.
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PIC16C62X
TABLE 9-4:
Condition Power-on Reset MCLR Reset during normal operation MCLR Reset during SLEEP WDT Reset WDT Wake-up Brown-out Reset Interrupt Wake-up from SLEEP 000h 000h 000h 000h PC + 1 000h PC + 1(1)
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS
Program Counter STATUS Register 0001 1xxx 000u uuuu 0001 0uuu 0000 uuuu uuu0 0uuu 000x xuuu uuu1 0uuu PCON Register ---- --0x ---- --uu ---- --uu ---- --uu ---- --uu ---- --u0 ---- --uu
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0'. Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and global enable bit, GIE is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h) after execution of PC+1.
TABLE 9-5:
INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR REGISTERS
* MCLR Reset during normal operation * MCLR Reset during SLEEP * WDT Reset * Brown-out Reset (1) uuuu uuuu -- uuuu uuuu 0000 0000 000q quuu(4) uuuu uuuu ---u uuuu uuuu uuuu 00-- 0000 ---0 0000 0000 000u -0-- ---1111 1111 ---1 1111 1111 1111 -0-- --------uq(1,6) * Wake-up from SLEEP through interrupt * Wake-up from SLEEP through WDT time-out
Register W INDF TMR0 PCL STATUS FSR PORTA PORTB CMCON PCLATH INTCON PIR1 OPTION TRISA TRISB PIE1 PCON VRCON Legend: Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5:
Address -- 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 1Fh 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 81h 85h 86h 8Ch 8Eh 9Fh
Power-on Reset xxxx xxxx -- xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 0001 1xxx xxxx xxxx ---x xxxx xxxx xxxx 00-- 0000 ---0 0000 0000 000x -0-- ---1111 1111 ---1 1111 1111 1111 -0-- ------- --0x 000- 0000
uuuu uuuu -- uuuu uuuu PC + 1(3) uuuq quuu(4) uuuu uuuu ---u uuuu uuuu uuuu uu-- uuuu ---u uuuu uuuu uqqq(2) -q-- ----(2,5) uuuu uuuu ---u uuuu uuuu uuuu -u-- ------- --uu uuu- uuuu
000- 0000
u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, reads as `0',q = value depends on condition. If VDD goes too low, Power-on Reset will be activated and registers will be affected differently. One or more bits in INTCON, PIR1 and/or PIR2 will be affected (to cause wake-up). When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h). See Table 9-4 for RESET value for specific condition. If wake-up was due to comparator input changing, then bit 6 = 1. All other interrupts generating a wake-up will cause bit 6 = u. 6: If RESET was due to brown-out, then bit 0 = 0. All other RESETS will cause bit 0 = u.
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PIC16C62X
FIGURE 9-8:
VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR TPWRT PWRT TIME-OUT
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1
TOST
OST TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
FIGURE 9-9:
VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2
TPWRT PWRT TIME-OUT
TOST
OST TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
FIGURE 9-10:
VDD MCLR INTERNAL POR
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD)
TPWRT PWRT TIME-OUT
TOST
OST TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
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PIC16C62X
FIGURE 9-11: EXTERNAL POWER-ON RESET CIRCUIT (FOR SLOW VDD POWER-UP)
VDD
FIGURE 9-13:
VDD R1
EXTERNAL BROWN-OUT PROTECTION CIRCUIT 2
VDD Q1
VDD
R
D R1 MCLR C
PIC16C62X
MCLR
PIC16C62X
R2
40k
Note 1: External Power-on Reset circuit is required only if VDD power-up slope is too slow. The diode D helps discharge the capacitor quickly when VDD powers down. 2: < 40 k is recommended to make sure that voltage drop across R does not violate the device's electrical specification. 3: R1 = 100 to 1 k will limit any current flowing into MCLR from external capacitor C in the event of MCLR/VPP pin breakdown due to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical Overstress (EOS).
Note 1: This brown-out circuit is less expensive, albeit less accurate. Transistor Q1 turns off when VDD is below a certain level such that:
R1 VDD x R1 + R2 = 0.7V
2: Internal Brown-out Reset should be disabled when using this circuit. 3: Resistors should be adjusted for the characteristics of the transistor.
FIGURE 9-14:
VDD
EXTERNAL BROWN-OUT PROTECTION CIRCUIT 3
FIGURE 9-12:
VDD 33k
EXTERNAL BROWN-OUT PROTECTION CIRCUIT 1
VDD
MCP809 Vss VDD RST
bypass capacitor
VDD
MCLR 10k 40k MCLR
PIC16C62X PIC16C62X
Note 1: This circuit will activate RESET when VDD goes below (Vz + 0.7V) where Vz = Zener voltage. 2: Internal Brown-out Reset circuitry should be disabled when using this circuit.
This brown-out protection circuit employs Microchip Technology's MCP809 microcontroller supervisor. The MCP8XX and MCP1XX families of supervisors provide push-pull and open collector outputs with both high and low active RESET pins. There are 7 different trip point selections to accommodate 5V and 3V systems.
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9.5
* * * *
Interrupts
The PIC16C62X has 4 sources of interrupt: External interrupt RB0/INT TMR0 overflow interrupt PORTB change interrupts (pins RB<7:4>) Comparator interrupt
Once in the interrupt service routine, the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bit(s) must be cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid RB0/ INT recursive interrupts. For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin or PORTB change interrupt, the interrupt latency will be three or four instruction cycles. The exact latency depends when the interrupt event occurs (Figure 9-16). The latency is the same for one or two cycle instructions. Once in the interrupt service routine, the source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bit(s) must be cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid multiple interrupt requests. Note 1: Individual interrupt flag bits are set regardless of the status of their corresponding mask bit or the GIE bit. 2: When an instruction that clears the GIE bit is executed, any interrupts that were pending for execution in the next cycle are ignored. The CPU will execute a NOP in the cycle immediately following the instruction which clears the GIE bit. The interrupts which were ignored are still pending to be serviced when the GIE bit is set again.
The interrupt control register (INTCON) records individual interrupt requests in flag bits. It also has individual and global interrupt enable bits. A global interrupt enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>) enables (if set) all un-masked interrupts or disables (if cleared) all interrupts. Individual interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding enable bits in INTCON register. GIE is cleared on RESET. The "return from interrupt" instruction, RETFIE, exits interrupt routine, as well as sets the GIE bit, which reenable RB0/INT interrupts. The INT pin interrupt, the RB port change interrupt and the TMR0 overflow interrupt flags are contained in the INTCON register. The peripheral interrupt flag is contained in the special register PIR1. The corresponding interrupt enable bit is contained in special registers PIE1. When an interrupt is responded to, the GIE is cleared to disable any further interrupt, the return address is pushed into the stack and the PC is loaded with 0004h.
FIGURE 9-15:
INTERRUPT LOGIC
T0IF T0IE INTF INTE RBIF RBIE Interrupt to CPU Wake-up (If in SLEEP mode)
CMIF CMIE PEIE
GIE
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9.5.1 RB0/INT INTERRUPT 9.5.2 TMR0 INTERRUPT
External interrupt on RB0/INT pin is edge triggered, either rising if INTEDG bit (OPTION<6>) is set, or falling, if INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid edge appears on the RB0/INT pin, the INTF bit (INTCON<1>) is set. This interrupt can be disabled by clearing the INTE control bit (INTCON<4>). The INTF bit must be cleared in software in the interrupt service routine before reenabling this interrupt. The RB0/INT interrupt can wake-up the processor from SLEEP, if the INTE bit was set prior to going into SLEEP. The status of the GIE bit decides whether or not the processor branches to the interrupt vector following wake-up. See Section 9.8 for details on SLEEP and Figure 9-18 for timing of wakeup from SLEEP through RB0/INT interrupt. An overflow (FFh 00h) in the TMR0 register will set the T0IF (INTCON<2>) bit. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing T0IE (INTCON<5>) bit. For operation of the Timer0 module, see Section 6.0.
9.5.3
PORTB INTERRUPT
An input change on PORTB <7:4> sets the RBIF (INTCON<0>) bit. The interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing the RBIE (INTCON<4>) bit. For operation of PORTB (Section 5.2). Note: If a change on the I/O pin should occur when the read operation is being executed (start of the Q2 cycle), then the RBIF interrupt flag may not get set.
9.5.4
COMPARATOR INTERRUPT
See Section 7.6 for complete description of comparator interrupts.
FIGURE 9-16:
INT PIN INTERRUPT TIMING
Q1 OSC1 CLKOUT 3
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
4 INT pin INTF flag (INTCON<1>) GIE bit (INTCON<7>) INSTRUCTION FLOW PC Instruction fetched Instruction executed PC Inst (PC) Inst (PC-1) PC+1 Inst (PC+1) Inst (PC) PC+1 -- Dummy Cycle 0004h Inst (0004h) Dummy Cycle 0005h Inst (0005h) Inst (0004h) 1 5 1 Interrupt Latency 2
Note 1: INTF flag is sampled here (every Q1). 2: Asynchronous interrupt latency = 3-4 TCY. Synchronous latency = 3 TCY, where TCY = instruction cycle time. Latency is the same whether Inst (PC) is a single cycle or a two-cycle instruction. 3: CLKOUT is available only in RC Oscillator mode. 4: For minimum width of INT pulse, refer to AC specs. 5: INTF is enabled to be set anytime during the Q4-Q1 cycles.
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TABLE 9-6: SUMMARY OF INTERRUPT REGISTERS
Value on POR Reset 0000 000x -0-- ----0-- ---Value on all other RESETS(1) 0000 000u -0-- ----0-- ---Address 0Bh 0Ch 8Ch Name INTCON PIR1 PIE1 Bit 7 GIE -- -- Bit 6 PEIE CMIF CMIE Bit 5 T0IE -- -- Bit 4 INTE -- -- Bit 3 RBIE -- -- Bit 2 T0IF -- -- Bit 1 INTF -- -- Bit 0 RBIF -- --
Note 1: Other (non Power-up) Resets include MCLR Reset, Brown-out Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset during normal operation.
9.6
Context Saving During Interrupts
During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved on the stack. Typically, users may wish to save key registers during an interrupt (e.g., W register and STATUS register). This will have to be implemented in software. Example 9-3 stores and restores the STATUS and W registers. The user register, W_TEMP, must be defined in both banks and must be defined at the same offset from the bank base address (i.e., W_TEMP is defined at 0x20 in Bank 0 and it must also be defined at 0xA0 in Bank 1). The user register, STATUS_TEMP, must be defined in Bank 0. The Example 9-3: * * * * Stores the W register Stores the STATUS register in Bank 0 Executes the ISR code Restores the STATUS (and bank select bit register) * Restores the W register
EXAMPLE 9-3:
SAVING THE STATUS AND W REGISTERS IN RAM
;copy W to temp register, ;could be in either bank ;swap status to be saved into W ;change to bank 0 regardless ;of current bank ;save status to bank 0 ;register
MOVWF SWAPF BCF MOVWF : : : SWAPF
W_TEMP STATUS,W STATUS,RP0 STATUS_TEMP
(ISR)
STATUS_TEMP, W
;swap STATUS_TEMP register ;into W, sets bank to original ;state ;move W into STATUS register ;swap W_TEMP ;swap W_TEMP into W
MOVWF SWAPF SWAPF
STATUS W_TEMP,F W_TEMP,W
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9.7 Watchdog Timer (WDT)
The Watchdog Timer is a free running on-chip RC oscillator which does not require any external components. This RC oscillator is separate from the RC oscillator of the CLKIN pin. That means that the WDT will run, even if the clock on the OSC1 and OSC2 pins of the device has been stopped, for example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction. During normal operation, a WDT time-out generates a device RESET. If the device is in SLEEP mode, a WDT time-out causes the device to wake-up and continue with normal operation. The WDT can be permanently disabled by programming the configuration bit WDTE as clear (Section 9.1). DC specs). If longer time-out periods are desired, a prescaler with a division ratio of up to 1:128 can be assigned to the WDT under software control by writing to the OPTION register. Thus, time-out periods up to 2.3 seconds can be realized. The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions clear the WDT and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT, and prevent it from timing out and generating a device RESET. The TO bit in the STATUS register will be cleared upon a Watchdog Timer time-out.
9.7.2
WDT PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS
9.7.1
WDT PERIOD
The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms, (with no prescaler). The time-out periods vary with temperature, VDD and process variations from part to part (see
It should also be taken in account that under worst case conditions (VDD = Min., Temperature = Max., max. WDT prescaler) it may take several seconds before a WDT time-out occurs.
FIGURE 9-17:
WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM
From TMR0 Clock Source (Figure 6-6) 0 Watchdog Timer 1
M U X
Postscaler 8 8 - to -1 MUX PS<2:0>
WDT Enable Bit
PSA To TMR0 (Figure 6-6) 0 MUX 1 PSA
WDT Time-out Note: T0SE, T0CS, PSA, PS<2:0> are bits in the OPTION register.
TABLE 9-7:
Address Name 2007h 81h
SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS
Bit 7 Bit 6 BODEN INTEDG Bit 5 CP1 T0CS Bit 4 CP0 T0SE Bit 3 PWRTE PSA Bit 2 WDTE PS2 Bit 1 FOSC1 PS1 Bit 0 FOSC0 PS0 Value on POR Reset -- 1111 1111 Value on all other RESETS -- 1111 1111
Config. bits -- OPTION
_
RBPU
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer. Note: = Unimplemented location, read as "0" + = Reserved for future use
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9.8 Power-Down Mode (SLEEP)
The Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP instruction. If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but keeps running, the PD bit in the STATUS register is cleared, the TO bit is set, and the oscillator driver is turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had, before SLEEP was executed (driving high, low, or hiimpedance). For lowest current consumption in this mode, all I/O pins should be either at VDD or VSS with no external circuitry drawing current from the I/O pin and the comparators and VREF should be disabled. I/O pins that are hi-impedance inputs should be pulled high or low externally to avoid switching currents caused by floating inputs. The T0CKI input should also be at VDD or VSS for lowest current consumption. The contribution from on chip pull-ups on PORTB should be considered. The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC). Note: It should be noted that a RESET generated by a WDT time-out does not drive MCLR pin low. The first event will cause a device RESET. The two latter events are considered a continuation of program execution. The TO and PD bits in the STATUS register can be used to determine the cause of device RESET. PD bit, which is set on power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked. TO bit is cleared if WDT wake-up occurred. When the SLEEP instruction is being executed, the next instruction (PC + 1) is pre-fetched. For the device to wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up is regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is clear (disabled), the device continues execution at the instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit is set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after the SLEEP instruction and then branches to the interrupt address (0004h). In cases where the execution of the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, the user should have an NOP after the SLEEP instruction. Note: If the global interrupts are disabled (GIE is cleared), but any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit and the corresponding interrupt flag bits set, the device will immediately wake-up from SLEEP. The SLEEP instruction is completely executed.
9.8.1
WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
The device can wake-up from SLEEP through one of the following events: 1. 2. 3. External RESET input on MCLR pin Watchdog Timer Wake-up (if WDT was enabled) Interrupt from RB0/INT pin, RB Port change, or the Peripheral Interrupt (Comparator).
The WDT is cleared when the device wakes up from SLEEP, regardless of the source of wake-up.
FIGURE 9-18:
WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Tost(2)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 OSC1 CLKOUT(4) INT pin INTF flag (INTCON<1>) GIE bit (INTCON<7>) INSTRUCTION FLOW PC Instruction fetched Instruction executed PC Inst(PC) = SLEEP Inst(PC - 1) PC+1 Inst(PC + 1) SLEEP PC+2 Processor in SLEEP
Interrupt Latency (Note 2)
PC+2 Inst(PC + 2) Inst(PC + 1)
PC + 2
0004h Inst(0004h)
0005h Inst(0005h) Inst(0004h)
Dummy cycle
Dummy cycle
Note 1: XT, HS or LP Oscillator mode assumed. 2: TOST = 1024TOSC (drawing not to scale) This delay will not be there for RC Osc mode. 3: GIE = '1' assumed. In this case, after wake-up, the processor jumps to the interrupt routine. If GIE = '0', execution will continue in-line. 4: CLKOUT is not available in these Osc modes, but shown here for timing reference.
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9.9 Code Protection 9.11 In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM
If the code protection bit(s) have not been programmed, the on-chip program memory can be read out for verification purposes. Note: Microchip does not recommend code protecting windowed devices. The PIC16C62X microcontrollers can be serially programmed while in the end application circuit. This is simply done with two lines for clock and data and three other lines for power, ground and the programming voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards with unprogrammed devices and then program the microcontroller just before shipping the product. This also allows the most recent firmware or a custom firmware to be programmed. The device is placed into a Program/Verify mode by holding the RB6 and RB7 pins low, while raising the MCLR (VPP) pin from VIL to VIHH (see programming specification). RB6 becomes the programming clock and RB7 becomes the programming data. Both RB6 and RB7 are Schmitt Trigger inputs in this mode. After RESET, to place the device into Programming/ Verify mode, the program counter (PC) is at location 00h. A 6-bit command is then supplied to the device. Depending on the command, 14-bits of program data are then supplied to or from the device, depending if the command was a load or a read. For complete details of serial programming, please refer to the PIC16C6X/7X/9XX Programming Specification (DS30228). A typical In-Circuit Serial Programming connection is shown in Figure 9-19.
9.10
ID Locations
Four memory locations (2000h-2003h) are designated as ID locations where the user can store checksum or other code identification numbers. These locations are not accessible during normal execution, but are readable and writable during Program/Verify. Only the Least Significant 4 bits of the ID locations are used.
FIGURE 9-19:
TYPICAL IN-CIRCUIT SERIAL PROGRAMMING CONNECTION
To Normal Connections PIC16C62X VDD VSS MCLR/VPP RB6 RB7 VDD To Normal Connections
External Connector Signals +5V 0V VPP CLK Data I/O
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10.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped into three basic categories: * Byte-oriented operations * Bit-oriented operations * Literal and control operations All instructions are executed within one single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction. In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1 s. If a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 s. Table 10-1 lists the instructions recognized by the MPASMTM assembler. Figure 10-1 shows the three general formats that the instructions can have. Note: To maintain upward compatibility with future PICmicro(R) products, do not use the OPTION and TRIS instructions. Each PIC16C62X instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an OPCODE which specifies the instruction type and one or more operands which further specify the operation of the instruction. The PIC16C62X instruction set summary in Table 10-2 lists byte-oriented, bitoriented, and literal and control operations. Table 10-1 shows the opcode field descriptions. For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a file register designator and 'd' represents a destination designator. The file register designator specifies which file register is to be used by the instruction. The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is zero, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is one, the result is placed in the file register specified in the instruction. For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit field designator which selects the number of the bit affected by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the file in which the bit is located. For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an eight or eleven bit constant or literal value.
TABLE 10-1:
Field f W b k x
OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
Description
All examples use the following format to represent a hexadecimal number: 0xhh where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F) Working register (accumulator) Bit address within an 8-bit file register Literal field, constant data or label Don't care location (= 0 or 1) The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for compatibility with all Microchip software tools. Destination select; d = 0: store result in W, d = 1: store result in file register f. Default is d = 1 Top of Stack Program Counter
FIGURE 10-1:
GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS
0
Byte-oriented file register operations 13 876 OPCODE d f (FILE #) d = 0 for destination W d = 1 for destination f f = 7-bit file register address Bit-oriented file register operations 13 10 9 76 OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #) b = 3-bit bit address f = 7-bit file register address Literal and control operations General 13 OPCODE k = 8-bit immediate value CALL and GOTO instructions only 13 11 OPCODE 10 k (literal) 8 7 k (literal)
d
label Label name TOS PC
0
PCLAT Program Counter High Latch H GIE WDT TO PD dest [] () <> italics Global Interrupt Enable bit Watchdog Timer/Counter Time-out bit Power-down bit Destination either the W register or the specified register file location Options Contents Assigned to Register bit field In the set of User defined term (font is courier)
0
0
k = 11-bit immediate value
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TABLE 10-2:
Mnemonic, Operands
PIC16C62X INSTRUCTION SET
Description Cycles MSb 14-Bit Opcode LSb Status Affected Notes
BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS ADDWF ANDWF CLRF CLRW COMF DECF DECFSZ INCF INCFSZ IORWF MOVF MOVWF NOP RLF RRF SUBWF SWAPF XORWF BCF BSF BTFSC BTFSS ADDLW ANDLW CALL CLRWDT GOTO IORLW MOVLW RETFIE RETLW RETURN SLEEP SUBLW XORLW f, d f, d f f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f f, d f, d f, d f, d f, d f, b f, b f, b f, b k k k k k k k k k Add W and f AND W with f Clear f Clear W Complement f Decrement f Decrement f, Skip if 0 Increment f Increment f, Skip if 0 Inclusive OR W with f Move f Move W to f No Operation Rotate Left f through Carry Rotate Right f through Carry Subtract W from f Swap nibbles in f Exclusive OR W with f Bit Clear f Bit Set f Bit Test f, Skip if Clear Bit Test f, Skip if Set Add literal and W AND literal with W Call subroutine Clear Watchdog Timer Go to address Inclusive OR literal with W Move literal to W Return from interrupt Return with literal in W Return from Subroutine Go into Standby mode Subtract W from literal Exclusive OR literal with W 1 1 1 1 1 1 1(2) 1 1(2) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 01 01 11 11 10 00 10 11 11 00 11 00 00 11 11 0111 0101 0001 0001 1001 0011 1011 1010 1111 0100 1000 0000 0000 1101 1100 0010 1110 0110 00bb 01bb 10bb 11bb 111x 1001 0kkk 0000 1kkk 1000 00xx 0000 01xx 0000 0000 110x 1010 dfff dfff lfff 0000 dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff lfff 0xx0 dfff dfff dfff dfff dfff bfff bfff bfff bfff kkkk kkkk kkkk 0110 kkkk kkkk kkkk 0000 kkkk 0000 0110 kkkk kkkk ffff ffff ffff 0011 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff 0000 ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff ffff kkkk kkkk kkkk 0100 kkkk kkkk kkkk 1001 kkkk 1000 0011 kkkk kkkk C,DC,Z Z TO,PD Z C,DC,Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 1,2 1,2 2 1,2 1,2 1,2,3 1,2 1,2,3 1,2 1,2
C C C,DC,Z Z
1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 3 3
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS
TO,PD C,DC,Z Z
Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself ( e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a '0'. 2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned to the Timer0 Module. 3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is executed as a NOP.
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10.1
ADDLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Instruction Descriptions
Add Literal and W [ label ] ADDLW 0 k 255 (W) + k (W) C, DC, Z
11 111x kkkk kkkk
ANDLW k Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
AND Literal with W [ label ] ANDLW 0 k 255 (W) .AND. (k) (W) Z
11 1001 kkkk kkkk
k
The contents of the W register are added to the eight bit literal 'k' and the result is placed in the W register. 1 1
ADDLW 0x15 W W = = 0x10 0x25
The contents of W register are AND'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. 1 1
ANDLW 0x5F W W = = 0xA3 0x03
Words: Cycles: Example
Words: Cycles: Example
Before Instruction After Instruction
Before Instruction After Instruction
ADDWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Add W and f [ label ] ADDWF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) + (f) (dest) C, DC, Z
00 0111 dfff ffff
ANDWF f,d Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
AND W with f [ label ] ANDWF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .AND. (f) (dest) Z
00 0101 dfff ffff
f,d
Add the contents of the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. 1 1
ADDWF FSR, 0 W= FSR = 0x17 0xC2 0xD9 0xC2
AND the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. 1 1
ANDWF FSR, 1 W= FSR = 0x17 0xC2 0x17 0x02
Words: Cycles: Example
Words: Cycles: Example
Before Instruction
Before Instruction
After Instruction
W= FSR =
After Instruction
W= FSR =
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BCF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example 1 1
BCF FLAG_REG, 7 FLAG_REG = 0xC7
Bit Clear f [ label ] BCF 0 f 127 0b7 0 (f) None
01 00bb bfff ffff
BTFSC f,b Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Bit Test, Skip if Clear [ label ] BTFSC f,b 0 f 127 0b7 skip if (f) = 0 None
01 10bb bfff ffff
Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.
Before Instruction After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0x47
If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '0', then the next instruction is skipped. If bit 'b' is '0', then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution is discarded, and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2)
HERE FALSE TRUE BTFSC GOTO * * * PC =
Words: Cycles: Example
BSF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example
Bit Set f [ label ] BSF 0 f 127 0b7 1 (f) None
01 01bb bfff ffff
FLAG,1 PROCESS_CO DE
f,b
Before Instruction
address HERE
After Instruction
if FLAG<1> = 0, PC = address TRUE if FLAG<1>=1, PC = address FALSE
Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set. 1 1
BSF FLAG_REG, 7
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0x0A
After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 0x8A
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BTFSS Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Bit Test f, Skip if Set [ label ] BTFSS f,b 0 f 127 0b<7 skip if (f) = 1 None
01 11bb bfff ffff
CALL Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Call Subroutine [ label ] CALL k 0 k 2047 (PC)+ 1 TOS, k PC<10:0>, (PCLATH<4:3>) PC<12:11> None
10 0kkk kkkk kkkk
Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1', then the next instruction is skipped. If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2)
HERE FALSE TRUE BTFSS GOTO * * * PC =
Words: Cycles: Example
Call Subroutine. First, return address (PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The eleven bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of the PC are loaded from PCLATH. CALL is a two-cycle instruction. 1 2
HERE CALL
Words: FLAG,1 PROCESS_CO DE Cycles: Example
THER E Before Instruction
PC = Address HERE
Before Instruction
address HERE
After Instruction
if FLAG<1> = 0, PC = address FALSE if FLAG<1> = 1, PC = address TRUE
After Instruction
PC = Address THERE TOS = Address HERE+1
CLRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example
Clear f [ label ] CLRF 0 f 127 00h (f) 1Z Z
00 0001 1fff ffff
f
The contents of register 'f' are cleared and the Z bit is set. 1 1
CLRF FLAG_REG FLAG_REG = = = 0x5A 0x00 1
Before Instruction After Instruction
FLAG_REG Z
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CLRW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example Clear W [ label ] CLRW None 00h (W) 1Z Z
00 0001 0000 0011
COMF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Complement f [ label ] COMF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) (dest) Z
00 1001 dfff ffff
f,d
W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is set. 1 1
CLRW
The contents of register 'f' are complemented. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in W. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. 1 1
COMF REG1,0 REG1 = = = 0x13 0x13 0xEC
Words: Cycles:
0x5A 0x00 1
Before Instruction
W W Z = = =
Example
After Instruction
Before Instruction After Instruction
REG1 W
CLRWDT Syntax: Operands: Operation:
Clear Watchdog Timer [ label ] CLRWDT None 00h WDT 0 WDT prescaler, 1 TO 1 PD TO, PD
00 0000 0110 0100
DECF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Decrement f [ label ] DECF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - 1 (dest) Z
00 0011 dfff ffff
Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
CLRWDT instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. It also resets the prescaler of the WDT. STATUS bits TO and PD are set. 1 1
CLRWDT
Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. 1 1
DECF CNT, 1 CNT Z = = = = 0x01 0 0x00 1
Words: Cycles: Example
Words: Cycles: Example
WDT counter = ? 0x00 0 1 1
Before Instruction After Instruction
WDT counter = WDT prescaler= TO = PD =
Before Instruction
After Instruction
CNT Z
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DECFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Decrement f, Skip if 0 [ label ] DECFSZ f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - 1 (dest); None
00 1011 dfff ffff
INCF Syntax: Operands:
Increment f [ label ] INCF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (dest) Z
00 1010 dfff ffff
skip if result = 0
Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
The contents of register 'f' are decremented. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'. If the result is 0, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded. A NOP is executed instead making it a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2)
HERE DECFSZ GOTO CONTINUE * * * CNT, 1 LOOP
The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'. 1 1
INCF CNT, 1 CNT Z = = = = 0xFF 0 0x00 1
Words: Cycles: Example
Before Instruction
Words: Cycles: Example
After Instruction
CNT Z
Before Instruction
PC =
address HERE CNT - 1 0, address CONTINUE 0, address HERE+1
After Instruction
CNT if CNT PC if CNT PC = = = =
GOTO Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Unconditional Branch [ label ] GOTO k 0 k 2047 k PC<10:0> PCLATH<4:3> PC<12:11> None
10 1kkk kkkk kkkk
GOTO is an unconditional branch. The eleven bit immediate value is loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of PC are loaded from PCLATH<4:3>. GOTO is a twocycle instruction. 1 2
GOTO THERE
Words: Cycles: Example
After Instruction
PC = Address THERE
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INCFSZ Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Increment f, Skip if 0 [ label ] INCFSZ f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) + 1 (dest), skip if result = 0 None
00 1111 dfff ffff
IORWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Inclusive OR W with f [ label ] IORWF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .OR. (f) (dest) Z
00 0100 dfff ffff
The contents of register 'f' are incremented. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'. If the result is 0, the next instruction, which is already fetched, is discarded. A NOP is executed instead making it a two-cycle instruction. 1 1(2)
INCFSZ GOTO CONTINUE * * * HERE CNT, LOOP 1
Inclusive OR the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back in register 'f'. 1 1
IORWF
Words: Cycles: Example
RESULT, 0
RESULT = W = 0x13 0x91 0x13 0x93 1
Before Instruction
Words: Cycles: Example
After Instruction
RESULT = W = Z =
Before Instruction
PC = address HERE CNT + 1 0, address CONTINUE 0, address HERE +1
MOVLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Move Literal to W [ label ] k (W) None
11 00xx kkkk kkkk
After Instruction
CNT = if CNT= PC = if CNT PC =
MOVLW k
0 k 255
IORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Inclusive OR Literal with W [ label ] IORLW k 0 k 255 (W) .OR. k (W) Z
11 1000 kkkk kkkk
The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into W register. The don't cares will assemble as 0's. 1 1
MOVLW 0x5A W = 0x5A
Words: Cycles: Example
After Instruction
The contents of the W register is OR'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. 1 1
IORLW 0x35 W W Z = = = 0x9A 0xBF 1
Words: Cycles: Example
Before Instruction After Instruction
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MOVF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Move f [ label ] MOVF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) (dest) Z
00 1000 dfff ffff
NOP Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example
No Operation [ label ] None No operation None
00 0000 0xx0 0000
NOP
No operation. 1 1
NOP
The contents of register f is moved to a destination dependent upon the status of d. If d = 0, destination is W register. If d = 1, the destination is file register f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a file register since status flag Z is affected. 1 1
MOVF FSR, 0 W= register Z = value in FSR 1
OPTION Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Load Option Register [ label ] None (W) OPTION None
00 0000 0110 0010
Words: Cycles: Example
OPTION
After Instruction
MOVWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Words: Cycles: Example
Move W to f [ label ] (W) (f) None
00 0000 1fff ffff
MOVWF
f
0 f 127 Words: Cycles: Example
The contents of the W register are loaded in the OPTION register. This instruction is supported for code compatibility with PIC16C5X products. Since OPTION is a readable/writable register, the user can directly address it. 1 1 To maintain upward compatibility with future PICmicro(R) products, do not use this instruction.
Move data from W register to register 'f'. 1 1
MOVWF OPTION OPTION = W = 0xFF 0x4F 0x4F 0x4F
Before Instruction
After Instruction
OPTION = W =
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RETFIE Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Return from Interrupt [ label ] None TOS PC, 1 GIE None
00 0000 0000 1001
RETLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Return with Literal in W [ label ] RETLW k 0 k 255 k (W); TOS PC None
11 01xx kkkk kkkk
RETFIE
Return from Interrupt. Stack is POPed and Top of Stack (TOS) is loaded in the PC. Interrupts are enabled by setting Global Interrupt Enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). This is a two-cycle instruction. 1 2
RETFIE
The W register is loaded with the eight bit literal 'k'. The program counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address). This is a two-cycle instruction. 1 2 CALL TABLE;W contains table ;offset value * ;W now has table value * * ADDWF PC ;W = offset RETLW k1 ;Begin table RETLW k2 ; * * * RETLW kn ; End of table Before Instruction
W W = = 0x07 value of k8
Words: Cycles: Example
Words: Cycles: Example
After Interrupt
PC = GIE = TOS 1
TABLE
After Instruction
RETURN Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Return from Subroutine [ label ] None TOS PC None
00 0000 0000 1000
RETURN
Return from subroutine. The stack is POPed and the top of the stack (TOS) is loaded into the program counter. This is a two-cycle instruction. 1 2
RETURN
Words: Cycles: Example
After Interrupt
PC = TOS
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RLF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Rotate Left f through Carry [ label ] 0 f 127 d [0,1] See description below C
00 1101 dfff ffff
RRF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Rotate Right f through Carry [ label ] RRF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] See description below C
00 1100 dfff ffff
RLF
f,d
The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the left through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.
C Register f
The contents of register 'f' are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry Flag. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed back in register 'f'.
C Register f
Words: Cycles: Example
1 1
RLF REG1,0 REG1 C = = = = = 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 1100 1100 1
Words: Cycles: Example
1 1
RRF
Before Instruction
REG1 C
REG1, 0
= = = = = 1110 0110 0 1110 0110 0111 0011 0
Before Instruction
After Instruction
REG1 W C
After Instruction
REG1 W C
SLEEP Syntax: Operands: Operation: [ label ] None 00h WDT, 0 WDT prescaler, 1 TO, 0 PD TO, PD
00 0000 0110 0011
SLEEP
Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
The power-down STATUS bit, PD is cleared. Time-out STATUS bit, TO is set. Watchdog Timer and its prescaler are cleared. The processor is put into SLEEP mode with the oscillator stopped. See Section 9.8 for more details. 1 1 SLEEP
Words: Cycles: Example:
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SUBLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Subtract W from Literal [ label ] 0 k 255 k - (W) (W) C, DC, Z 11 110x kkkk kkkk Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: SUBLW k SUBWF Syntax: Operands: Subtract W from f [ label ] 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f) - (W) (dest) C, DC, Z 00 0010 dfff ffff SUBWF f,d
The W register is subtracted (2's complement method) from the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. 1 1 SUBLW 0x02
W C = = 1 ?
Words: Cycles: Example 1:
Subtract (2's complement method) W register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. 1 1 SUBWF REG1,1
REG1= W= C = 3 2 ?
Words: Cycles: Example 1:
Before Instruction
Before Instruction
After Instruction
W C = = 1 1; result is positive
Example 2:
Before Instruction
W C = = 2 ?
After Instruction
REG1= W= C = 1 2 1; result is positive
After Instruction
W C = = 0 1; result is zero
Example 2:
Before Instruction
REG1= W= C = 2 2 ?
Example 3:
Before Instruction
W C = = 3 ?
After Instruction
REG1= W= C = 0 2 1; result is zero
After Instruction
W C = = 0xFF 0; result is negative
Example 3:
Before Instruction
REG1= W= C = 1 2 ?
After Instruction
REG1= W= C = 0xFF 2 0; result is negative
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SWAPF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description: Swap Nibbles in f [ label ] SWAPF f,d 0 f 127 d [0,1] (f<3:0>) (dest<7:4>), (f<7:4>) (dest<3:0>) None
00 1110 dfff ffff
XORLW Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Exclusive OR Literal with W [ label ] XORLW k
0 k 255 (W) .XOR. k (W) Z 11 1010 kkkk kkkk
The upper and lower nibbles of register 'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is placed in register 'f'. 1 1
SWAPF REG,
The contents of the W register are XOR'ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register. 1 1 XORLW 0xAF
W = 0xB5
Words: Cycles: Example:
Words: Cycles: Example
0
= 0xA5
Before Instruction After Instruction
W = = 0xA5 0x5A = 0x1A
Before Instruction
REG1
After Instruction
REG1 W
XORWF Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding:
Exclusive OR W with f [ label ] XORWF 0 f 127 d [0,1] (W) .XOR. (f) (dest) Z
00 0110 dfff ffff
f,d
TRIS Syntax: Operands: Operation: Status Affected: Encoding: Description:
Load TRIS Register [ label ] TRIS 5f7 (W) TRIS register f; None
00 0000 0110 0fff
f
Description:
The instruction is supported for code compatibility with the PIC16C5X products. Since TRIS registers are readable and writable, the user can directly address them. 1 1 To maintain upward compatibility with future PICmicro(R) products, do not use this instruction.
Exclusive OR the contents of the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'. 1 1 XORWF
REG
Words: Cycles: Example
Words: Cycles: Example
1
= = 0xAF 0xB5
Before Instruction
REG W
After Instruction
REG W = = 0x1A 0xB5
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NOTES:
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11.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
11.1
The PICmicro(R) microcontrollers are supported with a full range of hardware and software development tools: * Integrated Development Environment - MPLAB(R) IDE Software * Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers - MPASMTM Assembler - MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers - MPLINKTM Object Linker/ MPLIBTM Object Librarian - MPLAB C30 C Compiler - MPLAB ASM30 Assembler/Linker/Library * Simulators - MPLAB SIM Software Simulator - MPLAB dsPIC30 Software Simulator * Emulators - MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator - MPLAB ICE 4000 In-Circuit Emulator * In-Circuit Debugger - MPLAB ICD 2 * Device Programmers - PRO MATE(R) II Universal Device Programmer - PICSTART(R) Plus Development Programmer * Low Cost Demonstration Boards - PICDEMTM 1 Demonstration Board - PICDEM.netTM Demonstration Board - PICDEM 2 Plus Demonstration Board - PICDEM 3 Demonstration Board - PICDEM 4 Demonstration Board - PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board - PICDEM 18R Demonstration Board - PICDEM LIN Demonstration Board - PICDEM USB Demonstration Board * Evaluation Kits - KEELOQ(R) - PICDEM MSC - microID(R) - CAN - PowerSmart(R) - Analog
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software
The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software development previously unseen in the 8/16-bit microcontroller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows(R) based application that contains: * An interface to debugging tools - simulator - programmer (sold separately) - emulator (sold separately) - in-circuit debugger (sold separately) * A full-featured editor with color coded context * A multiple project manager * Customizable data windows with direct edit of contents * High level source code debugging * Mouse over variable inspection * Extensive on-line help The MPLAB IDE allows you to: * Edit your source files (either assembly or C) * One touch assemble (or compile) and download to PICmicro emulator and simulator tools (automatically updates all project information) * Debug using: - source files (assembly or C) - absolute listing file (mixed assembly and C) - machine code MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a single development paradigm, from the cost effective simulators, through low cost in-circuit debuggers, to full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning curve when upgrading to tools with increasing flexibility and power.
11.2
MPASM Assembler
The MPASM assembler is a full-featured, universal macro assembler for all PICmicro MCUs. The MPASM assembler generates relocatable object files for the MPLINK object linker, Intel(R) standard HEX files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines and generated machine code and COFF files for debugging. The MPASM assembler features include: * Integration into MPLAB IDE projects * User defined macros to streamline assembly code * Conditional assembly for multi-purpose source files * Directives that allow complete control over the assembly process
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11.3 MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers 11.6 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, and Librarian
The MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 Code Development Systems are complete ANSI C compilers for Microchip's PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX family of microcontrollers. These compilers provide powerful integration capabilities, superior code optimization and ease of use not found with other compilers. For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE debugger. MPLAB ASM30 assembler produces relocatable machine code from symbolic assembly language for dsPIC30F devices. MPLAB C30 compiler uses the assembler to produce it's object file. The assembler generates relocatable object files that can then be archived or linked with other relocatable object files and archives to create an executable file. Notable features of the assembler include: * * * * * * Support for the entire dsPIC30F instruction set Support for fixed-point and floating-point data Command line interface Rich directive set Flexible macro language MPLAB IDE compatibility
11.4
MPLINK Object Linker/ MPLIB Object Librarian
The MPLINK object linker combines relocatable objects created by the MPASM assembler and the MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C compilers. It can link relocatable objects from pre-compiled libraries, using directives from a linker script. The MPLIB object librarian manages the creation and modification of library files of pre-compiled code. When a routine from a library is called from a source file, only the modules that contain that routine will be linked in with the application. This allows large libraries to be used efficiently in many different applications. The object linker/library features include: * Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many smaller files * Enhanced code maintainability by grouping related modules together * Flexible creation of libraries with easy module listing, replacement, deletion and extraction
11.7
MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
The MPLAB SIM software simulator allows code development in a PC hosted environment by simulating the PICmicro series microcontrollers on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a file, or user defined key press, to any pin. The execution can be performed in Single-Step, Execute Until Break, or Trace mode. The MPLAB SIM simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers, as well as the MPASM assembler. The software simulator offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the laboratory environment, making it an excellent, economical software development tool.
11.5
MPLAB C30 C Compiler
11.8
MPLAB SIM30 Software Simulator
The MPLAB C30 C compiler is a full-featured, ANSI compliant, optimizing compiler that translates standard ANSI C programs into dsPIC30F assembly language source. The compiler also supports many commandline options and language extensions to take full advantage of the dsPIC30F device hardware capabilities, and afford fine control of the compiler code generator. MPLAB C30 is distributed with a complete ANSI C standard library. All library functions have been validated and conform to the ANSI C library standard. The library includes functions for string manipulation, dynamic memory allocation, data conversion, timekeeping, and math functions (trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic). The compiler provides symbolic information for high level source debugging with the MPLAB IDE.
The MPLAB SIM30 software simulator allows code development in a PC hosted environment by simulating the dsPIC30F series microcontrollers on an instruction level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a file, or user defined key press, to any of the pins. The MPLAB SIM30 simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C30 C Compiler and MPLAB ASM30 assembler. The simulator runs in either a Command Line mode for automated tasks, or from MPLAB IDE. This high speed simulator is designed to debug, analyze and optimize time intensive DSP routines.
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11.9 MPLAB ICE 2000 High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator 11.11 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger
Microchip's In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD 2, is a powerful, low cost, run-time development tool, connecting to the host PC via an RS-232 or high speed USB interface. This tool is based on the FLASH PICmicro MCUs and can be used to develop for these and other PICmicro microcontrollers. The MPLAB ICD 2 utilizes the in-circuit debugging capability built into the FLASH devices. This feature, along with Microchip's In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) protocol, offers cost effective in-circuit FLASH debugging from the graphical user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment. This enables a designer to develop and debug source code by setting breakpoints, single-stepping and watching variables, CPU status and peripheral registers. Running at full speed enables testing hardware and applications in real-time. MPLAB ICD 2 also serves as a development programmer for selected PICmicro devices.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 universal in-circuit emulator is intended to provide the product development engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for PICmicro microcontrollers. Software control of the MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulator is advanced by the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment, which allows editing, building, downloading and source debugging from a single environment. The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator system with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitoring features. Interchangeable processor modules allow the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The universal architecture of the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator allows expansion to support new PICmicro microcontrollers. The MPLAB ICE 2000 in-circuit emulator system has been designed as a real-time emulation system with advanced features that are typically found on more expensive development tools. The PC platform and Microsoft(R) Windows 32-bit operating system were chosen to best make these features available in a simple, unified application.
11.12 PRO MATE II Universal Device Programmer
The PRO MATE II is a universal, CE compliant device programmer with programmable voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for maximum reliability. It features an LCD display for instructions and error messages and a modular detachable socket assembly to support various package types. In Stand-Alone mode, the PRO MATE II device programmer can read, verify, and program PICmicro devices without a PC connection. It can also set code protection in this mode.
11.10 MPLAB ICE 4000 High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator
The MPLAB ICE 4000 universal in-circuit emulator is intended to provide the product development engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for highend PICmicro microcontrollers. Software control of the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator is provided by the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment, which allows editing, building, downloading and source debugging from a single environment. The MPLAB ICD 4000 is a premium emulator system, providing the features of MPLAB ICE 2000, but with increased emulation memory and high speed performance for dsPIC30F and PIC18XXXX devices. Its advanced emulator features include complex triggering and timing, up to 2 Mb of emulation memory, and the ability to view variables in real-time. The MPLAB ICE 4000 in-circuit emulator system has been designed as a real-time emulation system with advanced features that are typically found on more expensive development tools. The PC platform and Microsoft Windows 32-bit operating system were chosen to best make these features available in a simple, unified application.
11.13 PICSTART Plus Development Programmer
The PICSTART Plus development programmer is an easy-to-use, low cost, prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB Integrated Development Environment software makes using the programmer simple and efficient. The PICSTART Plus development programmer supports most PICmicro devices up to 40 pins. Larger pin count devices, such as the PIC16C92X and PIC17C76X, may be supported with an adapter socket. The PICSTART Plus development programmer is CE compliant.
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11.14 PICDEM 1 PICmicro Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 1 demonstration board demonstrates the capabilities of the PIC16C5X (PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is included to run basic demo programs. The sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM 1 demonstration board can be programmed with a PRO MATE II device programmer, or a PICSTART Plus development programmer. The PICDEM 1 demonstration board can be connected to the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator for testing. A prototype area extends the circuitry for additional application components. Features include an RS-232 interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, push button switches and eight LEDs.
11.17 PICDEM 3 PIC16C92X Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 3 demonstration board supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC package. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the demonstration programs.
11.18 PICDEM 4 8/14/18-Pin Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 4 can be used to demonstrate the capabilities of the 8-, 14-, and 18-pin PIC16XXXX and PIC18XXXX MCUs, including the PIC16F818/819, PIC16F87/88, PIC16F62XA and the PIC18F1320 family of microcontrollers. PICDEM 4 is intended to showcase the many features of these low pin count parts, including LIN and Motor Control using ECCP. Special provisions are made for low power operation with the supercapacitor circuit, and jumpers allow onboard hardware to be disabled to eliminate current draw in this mode. Included on the demo board are provisions for Crystal, RC or Canned Oscillator modes, a five volt regulator for use with a nine volt wall adapter or battery, DB-9 RS-232 interface, ICD connector for programming via ICSP and development with MPLAB ICD 2, 2x16 liquid crystal display, PCB footprints for HBridge motor driver, LIN transceiver and EEPROM. Also included are: header for expansion, eight LEDs, four potentiometers, three push buttons and a prototyping area. Included with the kit is a PIC16F627A and a PIC18F1320. Tutorial firmware is included along with the User's Guide.
11.15 PICDEM.net Internet/Ethernet Demonstration Board
The PICDEM.net demonstration board is an Internet/ Ethernet demonstration board using the PIC18F452 microcontroller and TCP/IP firmware. The board supports any 40-pin DIP device that conforms to the standard pinout used by the PIC16F877 or PIC18C452. This kit features a user friendly TCP/IP stack, web server with HTML, a 24L256 Serial EEPROM for Xmodem download to web pages into Serial EEPROM, ICSP/MPLAB ICD 2 interface connector, an Ethernet interface, RS-232 interface, and a 16 x 2 LCD display. Also included is the book and CD-ROM "TCP/IP Lean, Web Servers for Embedded Systems," by Jeremy Bentham
11.19 PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 17 demonstration board is an evaluation board that demonstrates the capabilities of several Microchip microcontrollers, including PIC17C752, PIC17C756A, PIC17C762 and PIC17C766. A programmed sample is included. The PRO MATE II device programmer, or the PICSTART Plus development programmer, can be used to reprogram the device for user tailored application development. The PICDEM 17 demonstration board supports program download and execution from external on-board FLASH memory. A generous prototype area is available for user hardware expansion.
11.16 PICDEM 2 Plus Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 2 Plus demonstration board supports many 18-, 28-, and 40-pin microcontrollers, including PIC16F87X and PIC18FXX2 devices. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the demonstration programs. The sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM 2 demonstration board can be programmed with a PRO MATE II device programmer, PICSTART Plus development programmer, or MPLAB ICD 2 with a Universal Programmer Adapter. The MPLAB ICD 2 and MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulators may also be used with the PICDEM 2 demonstration board to test firmware. A prototype area extends the circuitry for additional application components. Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, a 2 x 16 LCD display, a piezo speaker, an on-board temperature sensor, four LEDs, and sample PIC18F452 and PIC16F877 FLASH microcontrollers.
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11.20 PICDEM 18R PIC18C601/801 Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 18R demonstration board serves to assist development of the PIC18C601/801 family of Microchip microcontrollers. It provides hardware implementation of both 8-bit Multiplexed/De-multiplexed and 16-bit Memory modes. The board includes 2 Mb external FLASH memory and 128 Kb SRAM memory, as well as serial EEPROM, allowing access to the wide range of memory types supported by the PIC18C601/801.
11.23 PICDEM USB PIC16C7X5 Demonstration Board
The PICDEM USB Demonstration Board shows off the capabilities of the PIC16C745 and PIC16C765 USB microcontrollers. This board provides the basis for future USB products.
11.24 Evaluation and Programming Tools
In addition to the PICDEM series of circuits, Microchip has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software for these products. * KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools for Microchip's HCS Secure Data Products * CAN developers kit for automotive network applications * Analog design boards and filter design software * PowerSmart battery charging evaluation/ calibration kits * IrDA(R) development kit * microID development and rfLabTM development software * SEEVAL(R) designer kit for memory evaluation and endurance calculations * PICDEM MSC demo boards for Switching mode power supply, high power IR driver, delta sigma ADC, and flow rate sensor Check the Microchip web page and the latest Product Line Card for the complete list of demonstration and evaluation kits.
11.21 PICDEM LIN PIC16C43X Demonstration Board
The powerful LIN hardware and software kit includes a series of boards and three PICmicro microcontrollers. The small footprint PIC16C432 and PIC16C433 are used as slaves in the LIN communication and feature on-board LIN transceivers. A PIC16F874 FLASH microcontroller serves as the master. All three microcontrollers are programmed with firmware to provide LIN bus communication.
11.22 PICkitTM 1 FLASH Starter Kit
A complete "development system in a box", the PICkit FLASH Starter Kit includes a convenient multi-section board for programming, evaluation, and development of 8/14-pin FLASH PIC(R) microcontrollers. Powered via USB, the board operates under a simple Windows GUI. The PICkit 1 Starter Kit includes the user's guide (on CD ROM), PICkit 1 tutorial software and code for various applications. Also included are MPLAB(R) IDE (Integrated Development Environment) software, software and hardware "Tips 'n Tricks for 8-pin FLASH PIC(R) Microcontrollers" Handbook and a USB Interface Cable. Supports all current 8/14-pin FLASH PIC microcontrollers, as well as many future planned devices.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 79
PIC16C62X
NOTES:
DS30235J-page 80
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.0 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Absolute Maximum Ratings Ambient Temperature under bias .............................................................................................................. -40 to +125C Storage Temperature ................................................................................................................................ -65 to +150C Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS (except VDD and MCLR) .......................................................-0.6V to VDD +0.6V Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ................................................................................................................ 0 to +7.5V Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS (Note 2) .................................................................................................0 to +14V Voltage on RA4 with respect to VSS...........................................................................................................................8.5V Total power Dissipation (Note 1)...............................................................................................................................1.0W Maximum Current out of VSS pin ..........................................................................................................................300 mA Maximum Current into VDD pin .............................................................................................................................250 mA Input Clamp Current, IIK (VI <0 or VI> VDD) ...................................................................................................................... 20 mA Output Clamp Current, IOK (VO <0 or VO>VDD)................................................................................................................ 20 mA Maximum Output Current sunk by any I/O pin ........................................................................................................25 mA Maximum Output Current sourced by any I/O pin...................................................................................................25 mA Maximum Current sunk by PORTA and PORTB...................................................................................................200 mA Maximum Current sourced by PORTA and PORTB..............................................................................................200 mA Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: PDIS = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + (VOl x IOL). 2: Voltage spikes below VSS at the MCLR pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA, may cause latchup. Thus, a series resistor of 50-100 should be used when applying a "low" level to the MCLR pin rather than pulling this pin directly to VSS. NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 81
PIC16C62X
FIGURE 12-1:
6.0 5.5 5.0 VDD (Volts) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 10 Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts. 20 25
PIC16C62X VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA +125C
FIGURE 12-2:
6.0 5.5 5.0 VDD (Volts) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0
PIC16LC62X VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA +125C
4
10 Frequency (MHz)
20
25
Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts.
DS30235J-page 82
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
FIGURE 12-3:
6.0 5.5 5.0 VDD (Volts) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 10 20 25
PIC16C62XA VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, 0C TA +70C
Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts.
FIGURE 12-4:
PIC16C62XA VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA 0C, +70C TA +125C
6.0 5.5 5.0
VDD (Volts)
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 10 20 25
Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 83
PIC16C62X
FIGURE 12-5: PIC16LC620A/LC621A/LC622A VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA 0C
6.0 5.5 5.0 VDD (Volts) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.0 0 4 10 Frequency (MHz) 20 25
Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts.
FIGURE 12-6:
PIC16LC620A/LC621A/LC622A VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, 0C TA +125C
6.0 5.5 5.0 VDD (Volts) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 10 Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts. 20 25
DS30235J-page 84
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
FIGURE 12-7:
6.0 5.5 5.0 VDD (Volts) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 10 20 25
PIC16CR62XA VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, 0C TA +70C
Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts.
FIGURE 12-8:
PIC16CR62XA VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA 0C, +70C TA +125C
6.0 5.5 5.0
VDD (Volts)
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 10 Frequency (MHz) 20 25
Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 85
PIC16C62X
FIGURE 12-9:
6.0 5.5 5.0 VDD (VOLTS) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 4 10 Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts. 20 25
PIC16LCR62XA VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, -40C TA +125C
DS30235J-page 86
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
FIGURE 12-10: PIC16C620A/C621A/C622A/CR620A - 40 VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH, 0C TA +70C
6.0 5.5 5.0 VDD (Volts) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 0 4 10 Frequency (MHz) Note 1: The shaded region indicates the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. 2: The maximum rated speed of the part limits the permissible combinations of voltage and frequency. Please reference the Product Identification System section for the maximum rated speed of the parts. 3: Operation between 20 to 40 MHz requires the following: * VDD between 4.5V. and 5.5V * OSC1 externally driven * OSC2 not connected * HS mode * Commercial temperatures Devices qualified for 40 MHz operation have -40 designation (ex: PIC16C620A-40/P). 20 25 40
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 87
PIC16C62X
12.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16C62X-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16C62X-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16LC62X-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Operating voltage VDD range is the PIC16C62X range. Characteristic
Supply Voltage Supply Voltage RAM Data Retention Voltage RAM Data Retention Voltage VDD start voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VDD start voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VDD rise rate to ensure Power-on Reset VDD rise rate to ensure Power-on Reset Brown-out Detect Voltage Brown-out Detect Voltage Supply Current
(2) (1)
(1)
PIC16C62X
PIC16LC62X
Param. Sym No.
D001 D001 D002 D002 D003 D003 D004 D004 D005 D005 D010 VDD VDD VDR VDR VPOR VPOR SVDD SVDD VBOR VBOR IDD
Min Typ Max Units
3.0 2.5
Conditions
See Figures 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, and 12-5 See Figures 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, and 12-5 Device in SLEEP mode Device in SLEEP mode See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details BOREN configuration bit is cleared BOREN configuration bit is cleared FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4)* FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, LP mode FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled, HS mode FOSC = 2.0 MHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4) FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, LP mode VDD=4.0V, WDT disabled (125C) VDD=3.0V, WDT disabled
-- --
1.5* 1.5* Vss VSS
6.0 6.0
V V V V V V V/ms V/ms V V mA A mA mA A A A A
-- -- --
-- 0.05* 0.05* 3.7 3.7
-- -- --
--
--
-- 4.0 4.0 1.8 35 9.0 1.4 26 1.0 0.7
--
-- 4.3 4.3 3.3 70 20 2.5 53 2.5 15 2
-- -- --
D010
IDD
Supply Current(2)
-- --
D020 D020 * Note 1: 2:
IPD IPD
Power-down Current(3) Power-down Current(3)
--
--
3: 4: 5:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data. The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
DS30235J-page 88
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16C62X-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16C62X-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16LC62X-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) (CONT.)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Operating voltage VDD range is the PIC16C62X range. Characteristic
WDT Current(5) Brown-out Reset Current(5) Comparator Current for each Comparator(5) VREF Current(5) WDT Current(5) Brown-out Reset Current(5) Comparator Current for each Comparator(5) VREF Current(5) LP Oscillator Operating Frequency RC Oscillator Operating Frequency XT Oscillator Operating Frequency HS Oscillator Operating Frequency LP Oscillator Operating Frequency RC Oscillator Operating Frequency XT Oscillator Operating Frequency HS Oscillator Operating Frequency
PIC16C62X
PIC16LC62X
Param . No.
D022 D022A D023 D023A
Sym
IWDT IBOR ICOM
P
Min Typ Max Units -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0 350 20 25 425 100 300 15 425 100 300 200 4 4 20 200 4 4 20 A A A A A A A A A kHz MHz MHz MHz kHz MHz MHz MHz
Conditions
VDD=4.0V (125C) BOD enabled, VDD = 5.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD=3.0V BOD enabled, VDD = 5.0V VDD = 3.0V VDD = 3.0V All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures
-- --
6.0 350
IVREF D022 D022A D023 D023A IVREF 1A FOSC IWDT IBOR ICOM
P
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- --
1A
FOSC
* Note 1: 2:
3: 4: 5:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data. The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 89
PIC16C62X
12.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16C62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16C62XA-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16LC62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Characteristic
Supply Voltage Supply Voltage RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) VDD start voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VDD start voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VDD rise rate to ensure Power-on Reset VDD rise rate to ensure Power-on Reset Brown-out Detect Voltage Brown-out Detect Voltage
PIC16C62XA
PIC16LC62XA
Param. Sym No.
D001 D001 D002 D002 D003 D003 D004 D004 D005 D005 * Note 1: 2: VDD VDD VDR VDR VPOR VPOR SVDD SVDD VBOR VBOR
Min Typ Max Units
3.0 2.5 -- -- -- -- 0.05* 0.05* 3.7 3.7 -- -- 1.5* 1.5* VSS VSS -- -- 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.35 4.35 V V V V V V V/ms V/ms V V
Conditions
See Figures 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, and 12-5 See Figures 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, and 12-5 Device in SLEEP mode Device in SLEEP mode See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details BOREN configuration bit is cleared BOREN configuration bit is cleared
3: 4: 5: 6:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data. The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement. Commercial temperature range only.
DS30235J-page 90
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16C62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16C62XA-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16LC62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) (CONT.)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Characteristic
Supply Current(2, 4)
PIC16C62XA
PIC16LC62XA
Param. No.
D010
Sym
IDD
Min Typ Max Units
-- -- -- -- -- -- 1.2 0.4 1.0 4.0 4.0 35 1.2 -- 35
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Conditions
FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4)* FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4)* FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, HS mode, (Note 6) FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 4.5V, WDT disabled, HS mode FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled*, HS mode FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, LP mode FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4)* FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4) FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled, LP mode
VDD = 3.0V VDD = 4.5V* VDD = 5.5V VDD = 5.5V Extended Temp. VDD = 2.5V VDD = 3.0V* VDD = 5.5V VDD = 5.5V Extended Temp.
2.0 1.2 2.0 6.0 7.0 70 2.0 1.1 70
2.2 5.0 9.0 15 2.0 2.2 9.0 15
mA mA mA mA mA A mA mA A
A A A A
D010
IDD
Supply Current(2)
-- -- --
D020
IPD
Power-down Current(3)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
D020
IPD
Power-down Current(3)
A A A A
* Note 1: 2:
3: 4: 5: 6:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data. The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement. Commercial temperature range only.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 91
PIC16C62X
12.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16C62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16C62XA-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16LC62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended (CONT.)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Characteristic
WDT Current(5) Brown-out Reset Current(5) Comparator Current for each Comparator(5) VREF Current(5) WDT Current
(5)
PIC16C62XA
PIC16LC62XA
Param. No.
D022 D022A D023 D023A D022 D022A D023 D023A 1A
Sym
IWDT IBOR ICOMP IVREF IWDT IBOR ICOMP IVREF FOSC
Min Typ Max Units
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0 75 30 80 6.0 75 30 80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 12 125 60 135 10 12 125 60 135 200 4 4 20 200 4 4 20 A A A A A A A A A A kHz MHz MHz MHz kHz MHz MHz MHz
Conditions
VDD = 4.0V (125C) BOD enabled, VDD = 5.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD=4.0V (125C) BOD enabled, VDD = 5.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD = 4.0V All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures
Brown-out Reset Current(5) Comparator Current for each Comparator(5) VREF Current(5) LP Oscillator Operating Frequency RC Oscillator Operating Frequency XT Oscillator Operating Frequency HS Oscillator Operating Frequency LP Oscillator Operating Frequency RC Oscillator Operating Frequency XT Oscillator Operating Frequency HS Oscillator Operating Frequency
1A
FOSC
* Note 1: 2:
3: 4: 5: 6:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data. The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement. Commercial temperature range only.
DS30235J-page 92
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.3 DC CHARACTERISTICS: PIC16CR62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16CR62XA-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16LCR62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units Conditions
3.0 2.5 -- -- -- -- 0.05* 0.05* 3.7 3.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- D010 IDD Supply Current(2) -- -- -- -- -- 1.5* 1.5* VSS VSS -- -- 4.0 4.0 1.2 500 1.0 4.0 3.0 35 1.2 400 35 5.5 5.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.35 4.35 1.7 900 2.0 7.0 6.0 70 1.7 800 70 V V V V V V V/ms V/ms V V mA A mA mA mA A mA A A See Figures 12-7, 12-8, 12-9 See Figures 12-7, 12-8, 12-9 Device in SLEEP mode Device in SLEEP mode See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details See section on Power-on Reset for details BOREN configuration bit is cleared BOREN configuration bit is cleared FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4)* FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4) FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, HS mode, (Note 6) FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled*, HS mode FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 4.5V, WDT disabled, HS mode FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, LP mode FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled, XT mode, (Note 4)* FOSC = 4.0 MHz, VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled, XT mode (Note 4) FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 2.5V, WDT disabled, LP mode
PIC16CR62XA-04 PIC16CR62XA-20
PIC16LCR62XA-04 Param. Sym No.
D001 D001 D002 D002 D003 D003 D004 D004 D005 D005 D010 VDD VDD VDR VDR VPOR VPOR SVDD SVDD VBOR VBOR IDD
Characteristic
Supply Voltage Supply Voltage RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) VDD start voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VDD start voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VDD rise rate to ensure Power-on Reset VDD rise rate to ensure Power-on Reset Brown-out Detect Voltage Brown-out Detect Voltage Supply Current(2)
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 93
PIC16C62X
PIC16CR62XA-04 PIC16CR62XA-20 Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units Conditions
PIC16LCR62XA-04 Param. Sym No.
* Note 1: 2:
Characteristic
3: 4: 5: 6:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data. The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement. Commercial temperature range only.
DS30235J-page 94
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.3 DC CHARACTERISTICS: PIC16CR62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16CR62XA-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16LCR62XA-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) (CONT.)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units Conditions
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 0.400 0.600 5.0 200 200 0.600 5.0 6.0 75 30 80 6.0 75 30 80 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 950 1.8 2.2 9.0 850 950 2.2 9.0 10 12 125 60 135 10 12 125 60 135 200 4 4 20 200 4 4 20 nA A A A nA nA A A A A A A A A A A A A kHz MHz MHz MHz kHz MHz MHz MHz VDD = 3.0V VDD = 4.5V* VDD = 5.5V VDD = 5.5V Extended Temp. VDD = 2.5V VDD = 3.0V* VDD = 5.5V VDD = 5.5V Extended VDD=4.0V (125C) BOD enabled, VDD = 5.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD=4.0V (125C) BOD enabled, VDD = 5.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD = 4.0V All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures
PIC16CR62XA-04 PIC16CR62XA-20
PIC16LCR62XA-04 Param. No.
D020
Sym
IPD
Characteristic
Power-down Current(3)
D020
IPD
Power-down Current(3)
D022 D022A D023 D023A D022 D022A D023 D023A 1A
IWDT IBOR ICOMP IVREF IWDT IBOR ICOMP IVREF FOSC
WDT Current(5) Brown-out Reset Current(5) Comparator Current for each Comparator(5) VREF Current(5) WDT Current(5) Brown-out Reset Current(5) Comparator Current for each Comparator(5) VREF Current(5) LP Oscillator Operating Frequency RC Oscillator Operating Frequency XT Oscillator Operating Frequency HS Oscillator Operating Frequency LP Oscillator Operating Frequency RC Oscillator Operating Frequency XT Oscillator Operating Frequency HS Oscillator Operating Frequency
1A
FOSC
* Note 1: 2:
3: 4: 5: 6:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data. The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. For RC osc configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula: Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement. Commercial temperature range only.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 95
PIC16C62X
12.4
DC Characteristics: PIC16C62X/C62XA/CR62XA (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) PIC16LC62X/LC62XA/LCR62XA (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended
Min Typ Max Units Conditions
PIC16C62X/C62XA/CR62XA
PIC16LC62X/LC62XA/LCR62XA
Param. No.
Sym
VIL
Characteristic
Input Low Voltage I/O ports
D030 D031 D032 D033
with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger input MCLR, RA4/T0CKI,OSC1 (in RC mode) OSC1 (in XT and HS) OSC1 (in LP) VIL Input Low Voltage I/O ports
VSS VSS Vss Vss Vss
-- -- -- -- --
0.8V 0.15 VDD 0.2 VDD 0.2 VDD 0.3 VDD 0.6 VDD1.0
V V V V V
VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V otherwise
(Note 1)
D030 D031 D032 D033
with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger input MCLR, RA4/T0CKI,OSC1 (in RC mode) OSC1 (in XT and HS) OSC1 (in LP) VIH Input High Voltage I/O ports
VSS VSS Vss Vss Vss
-- -- -- -- --
0.8V 0.15 VDD 0.2 VDD 0.2 VDD 0.3 VDD 0.6 VDD1.0
V V V V V
VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V otherwise
(Note 1)
D040
with TTL buffer
2.0V 0.25 VDD + 0.8V 0.8 VDD 0.8 VDD 0.7 VDD 0.9 VDD
--
VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD
V
VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V otherwise
D041 D042 D043 D043A
with Schmitt Trigger input MCLR RA4/T0CKI OSC1 (XT, HS and LP) OSC1 (in RC mode)
-- -- --
V V (Note 1)
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
with external clock in RC mode.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1 pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16C62X(A) be driven 2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal
operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin.
DS30235J-page 96
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.4
DC Characteristics: PIC16C62X/C62XA/CR62XA (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LC62X/LC62XA/LCR62XA (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) (CONT.) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units Conditions
PIC16C62X/C62XA/CR62XA
PIC16LC62X/LC62XA/LCR62XA
Param. Sym No.
VIH
Characteristic
Input High Voltage I/O ports
D040
with TTL buffer
2.0V 0.25 VDD + 0.8V 0.8 VDD 0.8 VDD 0.7 VDD 0.9 VDD 50 50
--
VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD 400 400
V
VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V otherwise
D041 D042 D043 D043A D070 D070 IPURB IPURB IIL
with Schmitt Trigger input MCLR RA4/T0CKI OSC1 (XT, HS and LP) OSC1 (in RC mode) PORTB weak pull-up current PORTB weak pull-up current Input Leakage Current(2, 3) I/O ports (Except PORTA)
-- -- -- 200 200
V V A A (Note 1) VDD = 5.0V, VPIN = VSS VDD = 5.0V, VPIN = VSS
1.0 D060 D061 D063 IIL PORTA RA4/T0CKI OSC1, MCLR Input Leakage I/O ports (Except PORTA) PORTA RA4/T0CKI OSC1, MCLR VOL D080 Output Low Voltage I/O ports -- -- D083 OSC2/CLKOUT (RC only) -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Current(2, 3) 1.0 D060 D061 D063 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.5 1.0 5.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.5 1.0 5.0
A A A A
VSS VPIN VDD, pin at hi-impedance Vss VPIN VDD, pin at hi-impedance Vss VPIN VDD Vss VPIN VDD, XT, HS and LP osc configuration
A A A A
VSS VPIN VDD, pin at hi-impedance Vss VPIN VDD, pin at hi-impedance Vss VPIN VDD Vss VPIN VDD, XT, HS and LP osc configuration
V V V V
IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V, -40 to +85C IOL = 7.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, +125C IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V, -40 to +85C IOL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V, +125C
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
external clock in RC mode.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1 pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16C62X(A) be driven with 2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal
operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 97
PIC16C62X
12.4
DC Characteristics: PIC16C62X/C62XA/CR62XA (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LC62X/LC62XA/LCR62XA (Commercial, Industrial, Extended) (CONT.) Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature -40C TA +85C for industrial and 0C TA +70C for commercial and -40C TA +125C for extended Min Typ Max Units Conditions
PIC16C62X/C62XA/CR62XA
PIC16LC62X/LC62XA/LCR62XA
Param. Sym No.
VOL D080
Characteristic
Output Low Voltage I/O ports
-- --
-- -- -- --
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
V V V V
IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V, -40 to +85C IOL = 7.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, +125C IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V, -40 to +85C IOL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V, +125C
D083
OSC2/CLKOUT (RC only)
-- --
VOH D090
Output High Voltage
(3)
I/O ports (Except RA4)
VDD-0.7 VDD-0.7
-- -- -- --
-- -- -- --
V V V V
IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, -40 to +85C IOH = -2.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V, +125C IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V, -40 to +85C IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, +125C
D092
OSC2/CLKOUT (RC only)
(3)
VDD-0.7 VDD-0.7
VOH D090
Output High Voltage
I/O ports (Except RA4)
VDD-0.7 VDD-0.7
-- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- 10* 8.5* 10* 8.5*
V V V V V
IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, -40 to +85C IOH = -2.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V, +125C IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V, -40 to +85C IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, +125C RA4 pin PIC16C62X, PIC16LC62X RA4 pin PIC16C62XA, PIC16LC62XA, PIC16CR62XA, PIC16LCR62XA RA4 pin PIC16C62X, PIC16LC62X RA4 pin PIC16C62XA, PIC16LC62XA, PIC16CR62XA, PIC16LCR62XA
D092
OSC2/CLKOUT (RC only)
VDD-0.7 VDD-0.7
*D150
VOD
Open-Drain High Voltage
*D150
VOD
Open-Drain High Voltage
V
Capacitive Loading Specs on Output Pins D100 D101 COSC 2 CIO OSC2 pin All I/O pins/OSC2 (in RC mode) Capacitive Loading Specs on Output Pins D100 D101 COSC 2 CIO OSC2 pin All I/O pins/OSC2 (in RC mode) 15 50 pF pF In XT, HS and LP modes when external clock used to drive OSC1. 15 50 pF pF In XT, HS and LP modes when external clock used to drive OSC1.
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
with external clock in RC mode.
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1 pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the PIC16C62X(A) be driven 2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal
operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as coming out of the pin.
DS30235J-page 98
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.5
DC CHARACTERISTICS: PIC16C620A/C621A/C622A-40(7) (Commercial)
PIC16CR620A-40(7) (Commercial)
Operating temperature 0C
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Param No. D001 D002 D003 D004 D005 D010 Sym VDD VDR VPOR SVDD VBOR IDD Characteristic Supply Voltage RAM Data Retention Voltage(1) VDD start voltage to ensure Power-on Reset VDD rise rate to ensure Power-on Reset Brown-out Detect Voltage Supply Current(2,4)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) TA +70C for commercial
Conditions FOSC = DC to 20 MHz Device in SLEEP mode See section on Power-on Reset for details
Min 3.0 -- -- 0.05 * 3.65 -- -- -- -- -- --
Typ Max Units -- 1.5* VSS -- 4.0 1.2 0.4 1.0 4.0 4.0 35 -- -- -- -- 6.0 75 30 80 5.5 -- -- -- 4.35 2.0 1.2 2.0 6.0 7.0 70 2.2 5.0 9.0 15 10 12 125 60 135 3 1 30 100 -- -- -- -- 200 4 4 20 V V V
V/ms See section on Power-on Reset for details V mA mA mA mA mA A A A A A A A A A A mA mA A A kHz MHz MHz MHz BOREN configuration bit is cleared FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled, XT OSC mode, (Note 4)* FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, XT OSC mode, (Note 4) FOSC = 10 MHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, HS OSC mode, (Note 6) FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 4.5V, WDT disabled, HS OSC mode FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, WDT disabled*, HS OSC mode FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, LP OSC mode VDD = 3.0V VDD = 4.5V* VDD = 5.5V VDD = 5.5V Extended VDD = 4.0V (125C) BOD enabled, VDD = 5.0V VDD = 4.0V VDD = 4.0V VCC = 5.5V, SCL = 400 kHz VCC = 3.0V, EE VDD = VCC VCC = 3.0V, EE VDD = VCC All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures All temperatures
D020
IPD
Power Down Current(3)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 0 0
D022
IWDT
WDT Current(5) Brown-out Reset Current(5) Comparator Current for each Comparator(5) VREF Current(5) Operating Current Operating Current Standby Current Standby Current LP Oscillator Operating Frequency RC Oscillator Operating Frequency XT Oscillator Operating Frequency HS Oscillator Operating Frequency
D022A IBOR D023 ICOMP D023A IVREF IEE Write IEE Read IEE IEE 1A FOSC
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data. 2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. 3: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. 4: For RC OSC configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula Ir = VDD/ 2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. 5: The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement. 6: Commercial temperature range only. 7: See Section 12.1 and Section 12.3 for 16C62X and 16CR62X devices for operation between 20 MHz and 40 MHz for valid modified characteristics.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 99
PIC16C62X
12.5 DC CHARACTERISTICS: PIC16C620A/C621A/C622A-40(7) (Commercial) PIC16CR620A-40(7) (Commercial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature
Min Typ Max
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Param No. Sym VIL D030 D031 D032 D033 VIH D040 D041 D042 D043 D043A D070 IPURB IIL D060 D061 D063 VOL D080 D083 VOH D090 D092 *D150 VOD Characteristic Input Low Voltage I/O ports with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger input MCLR, RA4/T0CKI, OSC1 (in RC mode) OSC1 (in XT and HS) OSC1 (in LP) Input High Voltage I/O ports with TTL buffer with Schmitt Trigger input MCLR RA4/T0CKI OSC1 (XT, HS and LP) OSC1 (in RC mode) PORTB Weak Pull-up Current Input Leakage Current(2, 3) I/O ports (except PORTA) PORTA RA4/T0CKI OSC1, MCLR Output Low Voltage I/O ports OSC2/CLKOUT (RC only) Output High Voltage(3) I/O ports (except RA4) OSC2/CLKOUT (RC only) Open Drain High Voltage Capacitive Loading Specs on Output Pins OSC2 pin All I/O pins/OSC2 (in RC mode)
0C
TA +70C for commercial
Unit Conditions
VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS
--
-- -- --
0.8V 0.15VDD 0.2VDD 0.2VDD 0.3VDD 0.6VDD - 1.0
V V V V V
VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V, otherwise
(Note 1)
2.0V -- 0.25 VDD + 0.8 0.8 VDD 0.8 VDD -- 0.7 VDD -- 0.9 VDD 50 200
VDD VDD VDD VDD VDD 400 1.0 0.5 1.0 5.0
V
VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V, otherwise
V V (Note 1) A VDD = 5.0V, VPIN = VSS A A A A VSS VPIN VDD, pin at hi-impedance Vss VPIN VDD, pin at hi-impedance Vss VPIN VDD Vss VPIN VDD, XT, HS and LP OSC configuration IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V, IOL = 7.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V, IOL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V, IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, IOH = -2.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V, IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V, IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V, RA4 pin -40 to +85C +125C -40 to +85C +125C -40 to +85C +125C -40 to +85C +125C
-- -- --
-- -- --
-- -- -- -- VDD-0.7 VDD-0.7 VDD-0.7 VDD-0.7
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 -- -- -- -- 8.5
V V V V V V V V V
D100 D101
COSC2 CIO
15 50
pF pF
In XT, HS and LP modes when external clock used to drive OSC1.
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in SLEEP mode without losing RAM data. 2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified. 3: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS. 4: For RC OSC configuration, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by the formula Ir = VDD/ 2REXT (mA) with REXT in k. 5: The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be added to the base IDD or IPD measurement. 6: Commercial temperature range only. 7: See Section 12.1 and Section 12.3 for 16C62X and 16CR62X devices for operation between 20 MHz and 40 MHz for valid modified characteristics.
DS30235J-page 100
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.6 DC Characteristics: PIC16C620A/C621A/C622A-40(3) (Commercial) PIC16CR620A-40(3) (Commercial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature Sym VDD
(2)
DC CHARACTERISTICS Power Supply Pins Characteristic Supply Voltage Supply Current Min 4.5 -- -- 20 VSS 0.8VDD
0C
TA +70C for commercial Conditions
Typ(1) -- 5.5 7.7 -- -- --
Max 5.5 11.5 16 40 0.2VDD VDD
Units V mA mA
HS Option from 20 - 40 MHz FOSC = 40 MHz, VDD = 4.5V, HS mode FOSC = 40 MHz, VDD = 5.5V, HS mode
IDD FOSC VIL VIH
HS Oscillator Operating Frequency Input Low Voltage OSC1 Input High Voltage OSC1
MHz OSC1 pin is externally driven, OSC2 pin not connected V V HS mode, OSC1 externally driven HS mode, OSC1 externally driven
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is based on characterization results at 25C. This data is for design guidance only and is not tested. 2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as bus loading, oscillator type, bus rate, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an impact on the current consumption. a) The test conditions for all IDD measurements in Active Operation mode are: OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VSS, T0CKI = VDD, MCLR = VDD; WDT disabled, HS mode with OSC2 not connected. 3: For device operation between DC and 20 MHz. See Table 12-1 and Table 12-2.
12.7
AC Characteristics:
PIC16C620A/C621A/C622A-40(2) (Commercial) PIC16CR620A-40(2) (Commercial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating temperature Sym FOSC TOSC TOSR, TOSF TOSH2IOV TOSH2IOI Min Typ(1) 20 25 6 -- -- 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- Max Units 40 50 -- 6.5 100 -- 0C TA +70C for commercial Conditions
AC CHARACTERISTICS All Pins Except Power Supply Pins Characteristic External CLKIN Frequency External CLKIN Period Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid (I/O in hold time)
MHz HS mode, OSC1 externally driven ns ns ns ns ns HS mode (40), OSC1 externally driven HS mode, OSC1 externally driven HS mode, OSC1 externally driven -- --
Clock in (OSC1) Low or High Time TOSL, TOSH
Note 1: Data in the Typical ("Typ") column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. 2: For device operation between DC and 20 MHz. See Table 12-1 and Table 12-2.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 101
PIC16C62X
TABLE 12-1: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Conditions: VDD range as described in Table 12-1, -40CComparator mode change to output valid
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Response time measured with one comparator input at (VDD - 1.5)/2, while the other input transitions from VSS to VDD.
TABLE 12-2:
VOLTAGE REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Conditions:VDD range as described in Table 12-1, -40C(1)
Sym
Min
Typ VDD/24 VDD/32
Max
Units LSB LSB
Comments Low Range (VRR=1) High Range (VRR=0) Low Range (VRR=1) High Range (VRR=0) Figure 8-1
+1/4 +1/2 2K* 10*
LSB LSB s
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Note 1: Settling time measured while VRR = 1 and VR<3:0> transitions from 0000 to 1111.
DS30235J-page 102
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
12.8 Timing Parameter Symbology
The timing parameter symbols have been created with one of the following formats: 1. TppS2ppS 2. TppS T F pp ck io mc S F H I L Fall High Invalid (Hi-impedance) Low P R V Z Period Rise Valid Hi-Impedance CLKOUT I/O port MCLR osc t0 OSC1 T0CKI Frequency T Time Lowercase subscripts (pp) and their meanings:
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
FIGURE 12-11:
LOAD CONDITIONS
Load condition 1 VDD/2 Load condition 2
RL
Pin VSS RL CL = = 464 50 pF 15 pF
CL
Pin VSS
CL
for all pins except OSC2 for OSC2 output
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 103
PIC16C62X
12.9 Timing Diagrams and Specifications
EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING
Q4 OSC1 1 2 CLKOUT 3 3 4 4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
FIGURE 12-12:
TABLE 12-3:
Parameter No. 1A Sym Fosc
EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Characteristic External CLKIN Frequency(1) Min DC DC DC Oscillator Frequency(1) DC 0.1 1 DC Typ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- FOSC/4 -- -- -- -- -- -- Max 4 20 200 4 4 20 200 -- -- -- -- 10,000 1,000 -- DC -- -- -- -- -- -- Units MHz MHz kHz MHz MHz MHz kHz ns ns s ns ns ns s s ns s ns ns ns ns Conditions XT and RC Osc mode, VDD=5.0V HS Osc mode LP Osc mode RC Osc mode, VDD=5.0V XT Osc mode HS Osc mode LP Osc mode XT and RC Osc mode HS Osc mode LP Osc mode RC Osc mode XT Osc mode HS Osc mode LP Osc mode TCYS=FOSC/4 XT oscillator, TOSC L/H duty cycle LP oscillator, TOSC L/H duty cycle HS oscillator, TOSC L/H duty cycle XT oscillator LP oscillator HS oscillator
1
Tosc
External CLKIN Period(1)
250 50 5
Oscillator Period(1)
250 250 50 5
2 3*
TCY TosL, TosH
Instruction Cycle Time
(1)
1.0 100* 2* 20* 25* 50* 15*
External Clock in (OSC1) High or Low Time
4*
TosR, TosF
External Clock in (OSC1) Rise or Fall Time
2: * 3: Note 1:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time-base period. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at "min." values with an external clock applied to the OSC1 pin. When an external clock input is used, the "Max." cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices.
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FIGURE 12-13: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING
Q4 OSC1 10 CLKOUT 13 14 I/O Pin (input) 17 I/O Pin (output) old value 15 new value 19 22 23 18 12 16 11 Q1 Q2 Q3
20, 21 Note: All tests must be done with specified capacitance loads (Figure 12-11) 50 pF on I/O pins and CLKOUT.
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TABLE 12-4:
Parameter No.
10*
CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Sym Characteristic Min -- -- Typ 75 -- Max 200 400 Units ns ns Conditions PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA
TosH2ckL OSC1 to CLKOUT(1)
11*
TosH2ck H
OSC1 to CLKOUT(1)
-- --
75 --
200 400
ns ns
12*
TckR
CLKOUT rise time(1)
-- --
35 --
100 200
ns ns
13*
TckF
CLKOUT fall time(1)
-- --
35 --
100 200
ns ns
14* 15*
TckL2ioV
CLKOUT to Port out valid(1) (1)
-- TOSC +200 ns TOSC +400 ns 0 -- --
-- -- --
20 -- --
ns ns ns
TioV2ckH Port in valid before CLKOUT
16* 17*
TckH2ioI
Port in hold after CLKOUT (1)
-- 50
-- 150 300
ns ns ns
TosH2ioV OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid
18*
TosH2ioI
OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port input invalid (I/O in hold time)
100 200
-- --
-- --
ns ns
19* 20*
TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1 (I/O in setup time) TioR Port output rise time
0 -- --
-- 10 --
-- 40 80
ns ns ns PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA PIC16C62X(A) PIC16LC62X(A) PIC16CR62XA PIC16LCR62XA
21*
TioF
Port output fall time
-- --
10 --
40 80
ns ns
22*
Tinp
RB0/INT pin high or low time
25 40
-- --
-- --
ns ns
23
Trbp
RB<7:4> change interrupt high or low time
TCY
--
--
ns
* These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC Mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.
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PIC16C62X
FIGURE 12-14: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP TIMER TIMING
VDD MCLR Internal POR 33 PWRT Timeout OSC Timeout Internal RESET Watchdog Timer RESET 34 I/O Pins 32 30
31 34
FIGURE 12-15:
BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING
VDD
BVDD 35
TABLE 12-5:
Parameter No. 30 31 32 33 34 35
RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP TIMER REQUIREMENTS
Sym Characteristic MCLR Pulse Width (low) Watchdog Timer Time-out Period (No Prescaler) Oscillation Start-up Timer Period Power-up Timer Period I/O hi-impedance from MCLR low Brown-out Reset Pulse Width 100* Min 2000 7* -- 28* Typ -- 18 1024 TOSC 72 -- -- Max -- 33* -- 132* 2.0 -- Units ns ms -- ms s s 3.7V VDD 4.3V Conditions -40 to +85C VDD = 5.0V, -40 to +85C TOSC = OSC1 period VDD = 5.0V, -40 to +85C
TmcL Twdt Tost Tpwrt TIOZ TBOR
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
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FIGURE 12-16:
RA4/T0CKI
TIMER0 CLOCK TIMING
40 42
41
TMR0
TABLE 12-6:
Parameter No. 40 41 42
TIMER0 CLOCK REQUIREMENTS
Characteristic T0CKI High Pulse Width T0CKI Low Pulse Width T0CKI Period No Prescaler With Prescaler No Prescaler With Prescaler Min 0.5 TCY + 20* 10* 0.5 TCY + 20* 10* TCY + 40* N Typ -- -- -- -- -- Max -- -- -- -- -- Units ns ns ns ns ns N = prescale value (1, 2, 4, ..., 256) Conditions
Sym Tt0H Tt0L Tt0P
*
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 5.0V, 25C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.
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PIC16C62X
13.0 DEVICE CHARACTERIZATION INFORMATION
The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested. In some graphs or tables, the data presented is outside specified operating range (e.g., outside specified VDD range). This is for information only and devices will operate properly only within the specified range. The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from different lots over a period of time. "Typical" represents the mean of the distribution, while "max" or "min" represents (mean + 3) and (mean - 3) respectively, where is standard deviation.
FIGURE 13-1:
1.20
IDD VS. FREQUENCY (XT MODE, VDD = 5.5V)
1.00
0.8 IDD (mA)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.00 0.20 1.00 Frequency (MHz) 2.00 4.00
FIGURE 13-2:
0.35
PIC16C622A IPD VS. VDD (WDT DISABLE)
0.30
0.25
0.20 IPD (uA)
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00 -0.05 3 4 VDD (V) 5 6
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FIGURE 13-3: IDD VS. VDD (XT OSC 4 MHZ)
1.00
0.9
0.8
0.7 IDD (mA)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2 2.5 3 3.5 4 VDD (VOLTS) 4.5 5 5.5
FIGURE 13-4:
IOI VS. VOL, VDD = 3.0V)
50 45 40 35 TYP 25C IOI (mA) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 MIN 85C MAX -40C
Vol (V)
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PIC16C62X
FIGURE 13-5: IOH VS. VOH, VDD = 3.0V)
0
-5
IOH (mA)
-10 MIN 85C TYP 25C -15 MAX -40C -20
-25 0 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
VOH (V)
FIGURE 13-6:
IOI VS. VOL, VDD = 5.5V)
100 90 80 70 IOI (mA) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 TYP 25C MAX -40C
MIN 85C
Vol (V)
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FIGURE 13-7: IOH VS. VOH, VDD = 5.5V)
0
-10
IOH (mA)
-20 MIN 85C -30 TYP 25C -40 MAX -40C -50 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VOH (V)
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14.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION
18-Lead Ceramic Dual In-line with Window (JW) - 300 mil (CERDIP)
E1
W2
D
2 n W1 E 1
A c eB A1 B1 B Units Dimension Limits n p A A2 A1 E E1 D L c B1 B eB W1 W2 INCHES* NOM 18 .100 .183 .160 .023 .313 .290 .900 .138 .010 .055 .019 .385 .140 .200 p
A2
L
MIN
MAX
MIN
Number of Pins Pitch Top to Seating Plane Ceramic Package Height Standoff Shoulder to Shoulder Width Ceramic Pkg. Width Overall Length Tip to Seating Plane Lead Thickness Upper Lead Width Lower Lead Width Overall Row Spacing Window Width Window Length * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic JEDEC Equivalent: MO-036 Drawing No. C04-010
.170 .155 .015 .300 .285 .880 .125 .008 .050 .016 .345 .130 .190
.195 .165 .030 .325 .295 .920 .150 .012 .060 .021 .425 .150 .210
MILLIMETERS NOM 18 2.54 4.32 4.64 3.94 4.06 0.38 0.57 7.62 7.94 7.24 7.37 22.35 22.86 3.18 3.49 0.20 0.25 1.27 1.40 0.41 0.47 8.76 9.78 3.30 3.56 4.83 5.08
MAX
4.95 4.19 0.76 8.26 7.49 23.37 3.81 0.30 1.52 0.53 10.80 3.81 5.33
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18-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (P) - 300 mil (PDIP)
E1
D
2 n 1
E
A2 A L A1 B1
c
eB Units Dimension Limits n p
B
p
MIN
Number of Pins Pitch Top to Seating Plane A .140 .170 Molded Package Thickness A2 .115 .145 Base to Seating Plane .015 A1 Shoulder to Shoulder Width E .300 .313 .325 Molded Package Width .240 .250 .260 E1 Overall Length D .890 .898 .905 Tip to Seating Plane L .125 .130 .135 c Lead Thickness .008 .012 .015 Upper Lead Width B1 .045 .058 .070 Lower Lead Width B .014 .018 .022 eB Overall Row Spacing .310 .370 .430 Mold Draft Angle Top 5 10 15 Mold Draft Angle Bottom 5 10 15 * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MS-001 Drawing No. C04-007
INCHES* NOM 18 .100 .155 .130
MAX
MIN
MILLIMETERS NOM 18 2.54 3.56 3.94 2.92 3.30 0.38 7.62 7.94 6.10 6.35 22.61 22.80 3.18 3.30 0.20 0.29 1.14 1.46 0.36 0.46 7.87 9.40 5 10 5 10
MAX
4.32 3.68 8.26 6.60 22.99 3.43 0.38 1.78 0.56 10.92 15 15
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PIC16C62X
18-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SO) - Wide, 300 mil (SOIC)
E p E1
D
2 B n 1
h
45
c A A2
L A1
Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Overall Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Chamfer Distance Foot Length Foot Angle Lead Thickness Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic
Units Dimension Limits n p A A2 A1 E E1 D h L c B
MIN
.093 .088 .004 .394 .291 .446 .010 .016 0 .009 .014 0 0
INCHES* NOM 18 .050 .099 .091 .008 .407 .295 .454 .020 .033 4 .011 .017 12 12
MAX
MIN
.104 .094 .012 .420 .299 .462 .029 .050 8 .012 .020 15 15
MILLIMETERS NOM 18 1.27 2.36 2.50 2.24 2.31 0.10 0.20 10.01 10.34 7.39 7.49 11.33 11.53 0.25 0.50 0.41 0.84 0 4 0.23 0.27 0.36 0.42 0 12 0 12
MAX
2.64 2.39 0.30 10.67 7.59 11.73 0.74 1.27 8 0.30 0.51 15 15
Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MS-013 Drawing No. C04-051
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20-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outline (SS) - 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP)
E E1 p
D
B n
2 1
c A
A2
L A1
Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Overall Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Foot Length Lead Thickness Foot Angle Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic
Units Dimension Limits n p A A2 A1 E E1 D L c B
MIN
.068 .064 .002 .299 .201 .278 .022 .004 0 .010 0 0
INCHES* NOM 20 .026 .073 .068 .006 .309 .207 .284 .030 .007 4 .013 5 5
MAX
MIN
.078 .072 .010 .322 .212 .289 .037 .010 8 .015 10 10
MILLIMETERS NOM 20 0.65 1.73 1.85 1.63 1.73 0.05 0.15 7.59 7.85 5.11 5.25 7.06 7.20 0.56 0.75 0.10 0.18 0.00 101.60 0.25 0.32 0 5 0 5
MAX
1.98 1.83 0.25 8.18 5.38 7.34 0.94 0.25 203.20 0.38 10 10
Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MO-150 Drawing No. C04-072
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PIC16C62X
14.1 Package Marking Information
18-Lead PDIP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX AABBCDE 18-Lead SOIC (.300") XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX AABBCDE 18-Lead CERDIP Windowed XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX AABBCDE 20-Lead SSOP XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX AABBCDE Example PIC16C622A -04I / 218 9951CBP Example PIC16C622A -04I / P456 9923CBA Example PIC16C622 -04I / S0218 9918CDK Example 16C622 /JW 9901CBA
Legend:
XX...X Y YY WW NNN
Customer specific information* Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code
Note:
In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information.
*
Standard PICmicro device marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, and traceability code. For PICmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price.
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NOTES:
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APPENDIX A: ENHANCEMENTS
The following are the list of enhancements over the PIC16C5X microcontroller family: 1. Instruction word length is increased to 14 bits. This allows larger page sizes both in program memory (4K now as opposed to 512 before) and register file (up to 128 bytes now versus 32 bytes before). A PC high latch register (PCLATH) is added to handle program memory paging. PA2, PA1, PA0 bits are removed from STATUS register. Data memory paging is slightly redefined. STATUS register is modified. Four new instructions have been added: RETURN, RETFIE, ADDLW, and SUBLW. Two instructions TRIS and OPTION are being phased out, although they are kept for compatibility with PIC16C5X. OPTION and TRIS registers are made addressable. Interrupt capability is added. Interrupt vector is at 0004h. Stack size is increased to 8 deep. RESET vector is changed to 0000h. RESET of all registers is revisited. Five different RESET (and wake-up) types are recognized. Registers are reset differently. Wake-up from SLEEP through interrupt is added. Two separate timers, Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) and Power-up Timer (PWRT) are included for more reliable power-up. These timers are invoked selectively to avoid unnecessary delays on power-up and wake-up. PORTB has weak pull-ups and interrupt-onchange feature. Timer0 clock input, T0CKI pin is also a port pin (RA4/T0CKI) and has a TRIS bit. FSR is made a full 8-bit register. "In-circuit programming" is made possible. The user can program PIC16CXX devices using only five pins: VDD, VSS, VPP, RB6 (clock) and RB7 (data in/out). PCON STATUS register is added with a Poweron-Reset (POR) STATUS bit and a Brown-out Reset STATUS bit (BOD). Code protection scheme is enhanced such that portions of the program memory can be protected, while the remainder is unprotected. PORTA inputs are now Schmitt Trigger inputs. Brown-out Reset reset has been added. Common RAM registers F0h-FFh implemented in bank1.
APPENDIX B: COMPATIBILITY
To convert code written for PIC16C5X to PIC16CXX, the user should take the following steps: 1. 2. Remove any program memory page select operations (PA2, PA1, PA0 bits) for CALL, GOTO. Revisit any computed jump operations (write to PC or add to PC, etc.) to make sure page bits are set properly under the new scheme. Eliminate any data memory page switching. Redefine data variables to reallocate them. Verify all writes to STATUS, OPTION, and FSR registers since these have changed. Change RESET vector to 0000h.
2.
3. 4. 5.
3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11.
12. 13. 14. 15.
16.
17.
18. 19. 20.
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NOTES:
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INDEX A
ADDLW Instruction ............................................................. 63 ADDWF Instruction ............................................................. 63 ANDLW Instruction ............................................................. 63 ANDWF Instruction ............................................................. 63 Architectural Overview .......................................................... 9 Assembler MPASM Assembler..................................................... 75
I
I/O Ports ............................................................................. 25 I/O Programming Considerations ....................................... 30 ID Locations........................................................................ 60 INCF Instruction.................................................................. 67 INCFSZ Instruction ............................................................. 68 In-Circuit Serial Programming............................................. 60 Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR Registers ................... 24 Instruction Flow/Pipelining .................................................. 12 Instruction Set ADDLW....................................................................... 63 ADDWF ...................................................................... 63 ANDLW....................................................................... 63 ANDWF ...................................................................... 63 BCF ............................................................................ 64 BSF............................................................................. 64 BTFSC........................................................................ 64 BTFSS ........................................................................ 65 CALL........................................................................... 65 CLRF .......................................................................... 65 CLRW ......................................................................... 66 CLRWDT .................................................................... 66 COMF ......................................................................... 66 DECF.......................................................................... 66 DECFSZ ..................................................................... 67 GOTO ......................................................................... 67 INCF ........................................................................... 67 INCFSZ....................................................................... 68 IORLW........................................................................ 68 IORWF........................................................................ 68 MOVF ......................................................................... 69 MOVLW ...................................................................... 68 MOVWF...................................................................... 69 NOP............................................................................ 69 OPTION...................................................................... 69 RETFIE....................................................................... 70 RETLW ....................................................................... 70 RETURN..................................................................... 70 RLF............................................................................. 71 RRF ............................................................................ 71 SLEEP ........................................................................ 71 SUBLW....................................................................... 72 SUBWF....................................................................... 72 SWAPF....................................................................... 73 TRIS ........................................................................... 73 XORLW ...................................................................... 73 XORWF ...................................................................... 73 Instruction Set Summary .................................................... 61 INT Interrupt ....................................................................... 56 INTCON Register................................................................ 20 Interrupts ............................................................................ 55 IORLW Instruction .............................................................. 68 IORWF Instruction .............................................................. 68
B
BCF Instruction ................................................................... 64 Block Diagram TIMER0....................................................................... 31 TMR0/WDT PRESCALER .......................................... 34 Brown-Out Detect (BOD) .................................................... 50 BSF Instruction ................................................................... 64 BTFSC Instruction............................................................... 64 BTFSS Instruction ............................................................... 65
C
C Compilers MPLAB C17 ................................................................ 76 MPLAB C18 ................................................................ 76 MPLAB C30 ................................................................ 76 CALL Instruction ................................................................. 65 Clocking Scheme/Instruction Cycle .................................... 12 CLRF Instruction ................................................................. 65 CLRW Instruction ................................................................ 66 CLRWDT Instruction ........................................................... 66 Code Protection .................................................................. 60 COMF Instruction ................................................................ 66 Comparator Configuration................................................... 38 Comparator Interrupts ......................................................... 41 Comparator Module ............................................................ 37 Comparator Operation ........................................................ 39 Comparator Reference ....................................................... 39 Configuration Bits................................................................ 46 Configuring the Voltage Reference ..................................... 43 Crystal Operation ................................................................ 47
D
Data Memory Organization ................................................. 14 DC Characteristics ...................................................... 87, 101 PIC16C717/770/771 ............... 88, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 98 DECF Instruction................................................................. 66 DECFSZ Instruction ............................................................ 67 Demonstration Boards PICDEM 1 ................................................................... 78 PICDEM 17 ................................................................. 78 PICDEM 18R PIC18C601/801.................................... 79 PICDEM 2 Plus ........................................................... 78 PICDEM 3 PIC16C92X ............................................... 78 PICDEM 4 ................................................................... 78 PICDEM LIN PIC16C43X ........................................... 79 PICDEM USB PIC16C7X5.......................................... 79 PICDEM.net Internet/Ethernet .................................... 78 Development Support ......................................................... 75
M
MOVF Instruction................................................................ 69 MOVLW Instruction............................................................. 68 MOVWF Instruction ............................................................ 69 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian ..................... 76 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger ..................................... 77 MPLAB ICE 2000 High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator .............................................................. 77 MPLAB ICE 4000 High Performance Universal In-Circuit Emulator .............................................................. 77 MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software.... 75 MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian .................. 76
E
Errata .................................................................................... 3 Evaluation and Programming Tools .................................... 79 External Crystal Oscillator Circuit ....................................... 48
G
General purpose Register File ............................................ 14 GOTO Instruction ................................................................ 67
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N
NOP Instruction................................................................... 69
V
Voltage Reference Module ................................................. 43 VRCON Register ................................................................ 43
O
One-Time-Programmable (OTP) Devices............................. 7 OPTION Instruction............................................................. 69 OPTION Register ................................................................ 19 Oscillator Configurations ..................................................... 47 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) .......................................... 50
W
Watchdog Timer (WDT)...................................................... 58 WWW, On-Line Support ....................................................... 3
X
XORLW Instruction ............................................................. 73 XORWF Instruction............................................................. 73
P
Package Marking Information ........................................... 117 Packaging Information ...................................................... 113 PCL and PCLATH ............................................................... 23 PCON Register ................................................................... 22 PICkit 1 FLASH Starter Kit .................................................. 79 PICSTART Plus Development Programmer ....................... 77 PIE1 Register ...................................................................... 21 PIR1 Register...................................................................... 21 Port RB Interrupt ................................................................. 56 PORTA................................................................................ 25 PORTB................................................................................ 28 Power Control/Status Register (PCON) .............................. 51 Power-Down Mode (SLEEP)............................................... 59 Power-On Reset (POR) ...................................................... 50 Power-up Timer (PWRT)..................................................... 50 Prescaler ............................................................................. 34 PRO MATE II Universal Device Programmer ..................... 77 Program Memory Organization ........................................... 13
Q
Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP) Devices ...................... 7
R
RC Oscillator ....................................................................... 48 Reset................................................................................... 49 RETFIE Instruction.............................................................. 70 RETLW Instruction .............................................................. 70 RETURN Instruction............................................................ 70 RLF Instruction.................................................................... 71 RRF Instruction ................................................................... 71
S
Serialized Quick-Turnaround-Production (SQTP) Devices ... 7 SLEEP Instruction ............................................................... 71 Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM)....................................... 76 Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM30)................................... 76 Special Features of the CPU............................................... 45 Special Function Registers ................................................. 17 Stack ................................................................................... 23 Status Register.................................................................... 18 SUBLW Instruction.............................................................. 72 SUBWF Instruction.............................................................. 72 SWAPF Instruction.............................................................. 73
T
Timer0 TIMER0 ....................................................................... 31 TIMER0 (TMR0) Interrupt ........................................... 31 TIMER0 (TMR0) Module ............................................. 31 TMR0 with External Clock........................................... 33 Timer1 Switching Prescaler Assignment................................. 35 Timing Diagrams and Specifications................................. 104 TMR0 Interrupt .................................................................... 56 TRIS Instruction .................................................................. 73 TRISA.................................................................................. 25 TRISB.................................................................................. 28
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ON-LINE SUPPORT
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip World Wide Web site. The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. To view the site, the user must have access to the Internet and a web browser, such as Netscape(R) or Microsoft(R) Internet Explorer. Files are also available for FTP download from our FTP site.
SYSTEMS INFORMATION AND UPGRADE HOT LINE
The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides system users a listing of the latest versions of all of Microchip's development systems software products. Plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive the most current upgrade kits.The Hot Line Numbers are: 1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and 1-480-792-7302 for the rest of the world.
Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site
The Microchip web site is available at the following URL: www.microchip.com The file transfer site is available by using an FTP service to connect to: ftp://ftp.microchip.com The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of services. Users may download files for the latest Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes, User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business information is also available, including listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives. Other data available for consideration is: * Latest Microchip Press Releases * Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked Questions * Design Tips * Device Errata * Job Postings * Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing * Links to other useful web sites related to Microchip Products * Conferences for products, Development Systems, technical information and more * Listing of seminars and events
092002
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PIC16C62X
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document. To: RE: Technical Publications Manager Reader Response Total Pages Sent ________
From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Device: PIC16C62X Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? Y N Literature Number: DS30235J FAX: (______) _________ - _________
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
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6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?
7. How would you improve this document?
DS30235J-page 124
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC16C62X
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. Device -XX Frequency Range X Temperature Range /XX Package XXX Pattern Examples:
a) PIC16C621A - 04/P 301 = Commercial temp., PDIP package, 4 MHz, normal VDD limits, QTP pattern #301. PIC16LC622- 04I/SO = Industrial temp., SOIC package, 200 kHz, extended VDD limits.
b)
Device PIC16C62X: VDD range 3.0V to 6.0V PIC16C62XT: VDD range 3.0V to 6.0V (Tape and Reel) PIC16C62XA: VDD range 3.0V to 5.5V PIC16C62XAT: VDD range 3.0V to 5.5V (Tape and Reel) PIC16LC62X: VDD range 2.5V to 6.0V PIC16LC62XT: VDD range 2.5V to 6.0V (Tape and Reel) PIC16LC62XA: VDD range 2.5V to 5.5V PIC16LC62XAT: VDD range 2.5V to 5.5V (Tape and Reel) PIC16CR620A: VDD range 2.5V to 5.5V PIC16CR620AT: VDD range 2.5V to 5.5V (Tape and Reel) PIC16LCR620A: VDD range 2.0V to 5.5V PIC16LCR620AT: VDD range 2.0V to 5.5V (Tape and Reel)
Frequency Range
04 04 20
200 kHz (LP osc) 4 MHz (XT and RC osc) 20 MHz (HS osc)
Temperature Range
I E
= = =
0C to +70C -40C to +85C -40C to +125C
Package
P SO SS JW*
= = = =
PDIP SOIC (Gull Wing, 300 mil body) SSOP (209 mil) Windowed CERDIP
Pattern
3-Digit Pattern Code for QTP (blank otherwise)
* JW Devices are UV erasable and can be programmed to any device configuration. JW Devices meet the electrical requirement of each oscillator type.
Sales and Support
Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com)
Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products.
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30235J-page 125
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
AMERICAS
Corporate Office
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ASIA/PACIFIC
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EUROPE
Austria
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China - Shenzhen
Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Liaison Office Rm. 1812, 18/F, Building A, United Plaza No. 5022 Binhe Road, Futian District Shenzhen 518033, China Tel: 86-755-82901380 Fax: 86-755-82966626
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Germany
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Italy
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India
Microchip Technology Inc. India Liaison Office Marketing Support Division Divyasree Chambers 1 Floor, Wing A (A3/A4) No. 11, O'Shaugnessey Road Bangalore, 560 025, India Tel: 91-80-2290061 Fax: 91-80-2290062
United Kingdom
Microchip Ltd. 505 Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 5TU Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820
03/25/03
DS30235J-page 126
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.

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